Mehmet Sait ADAK, Esra GUNERİ, Aydın GÜNEŞ, Ali INAL

Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Hassasiyetleri Üzerine Kuraklik Stresinin Etkisi

Tarımsal açıdan tüm bitkilerde olduğu gibi nohut bitkisinde, kuraklık stresinden etkilenen en önemli parametre verimdir. Değişen iklim koşullarında bitkilerin kuraklık stresine, gelişimlerinin hangi evresinde ne tepki vereceği bilinmelidir. Bu çalışma ile, 2007-2008 yıllarında iki tarla denemesi kurularak farklı dönemlerde oluşabilecek olan strese karşı nohut çeşitlerinin hassasiyetlerinin belirlenmesi ve verim parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bir grup nohut çeşidi doğal yağış koşullarında sulama yapılmaksızın yetiştirilmiş, diğer bir grup ise 2007 yılında kuraklığın erken dönemde yaşanması nedeniyle çiçeklenme öncesinde, 2008 yılında ise kuraklığın geç yaşanması nedeniyle hem çiçeklenme öncesi hem de çiçeklenme döneminde sulanarak yetiştirilmiştir. Nohut çeşitlerinde bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, biyolojik verim, tane verimi, 100 tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi ve kuraklık hassasiyet indeksi incelenmiştir. Her iki denemede de, nohut çeşitlerinin verimlerinde kuraklık stresi sonucu büyük oranda azalmalar görülmüştür. İncelenen tüm parametreler, her iki yılda da sulu ve kuru koşullarda yetiştirilen çeşitler arasında önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Kuraklığa maruz kaldığı dönemler açısından çeşitlerin kuraklığa hassasiyetlerinin değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Kurağa hassas ve dayanıklı çeşitlerin seçiminde 100 tane ağırlığı ve hasat indeksi parametrelerine göre bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, tane verimi ve biyolojik verim parametrelerinin daha güvenilir sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, seleksiyon kriterleri arasında bir bitki türü ya da çeşidi için kabul gören bir parametrenin, bitkilerin farklı dönemde karşılaşacağı stresin şiddeti ve süresi ile birlikte farklı genetik özellikleri nedeniyle net bir yargıya varmayı engelleyebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. İlerleyen dönemlerde seleksiyon çalışmalarında bir bitki türü için kuraklığa dayanıklı ya da hassas olduğu tespit edilirken, maruz kaldığı stresin dönemine dikkat edilerek sınıflandırılması tavsiye edilmektedir.

Effect of Drought Stress on Sensitivities and Yields of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars

In the selection researches, under the changing climatic conditions, it should be studied in whichgrowth stages of plants and how they will react to drought. The yield of the cultivated plant is one of the mostimportant traits affected by drought. In this study, it was aimed to determine the sensitivities of eleven chickpeacultivars against drought and to compare their yield traits in different growth stages by establishing two fieldexperiments (conditions, FEs) in 2007-2008. A group of cultivars was grown under natural rainfall conditions,while the other was irrigated before the blooming stage due to early drought in 2007 and during the bloomingstage due to late drought in 2008. The morphological traits and drought susceptibility index of cultivars wereinvestigated. In experiments, yields of cultivars decreased substantially and their susceptibilities changedaccording to the growth stages exposed to drought. The pod and seed numbers of plants, seed yield and biologicalyield traits of cultivars gave more reliable results than 100 seeds weight and harvest index traits in the selectionof susceptible and resistant cultivars. It was concluded in this study that a parameter among the selection criteriaaccepted for a plant species or variety could prevent from reaching a clear judgment due to the severity andduration of stress exposed in different growth stages, and also due to the genetic characteristics of the plant. It isrecommended to make the description of susceptible/resistant plant species, variety or genotype, according tothe growth stage of plants exposed to the stress in the following selection studies.

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