Kadmiyum, Kurşun ve Çinko ile Kirlenmiş Toprağın Brassica Napus ile Fitoksraksiyonuna EDDS Uygulamasının Etkisi

Toprakların kadmiyum (Cd), kurşun (Pb) ve çinko (Zn) ile kirlenmesi insan sağlığını ve çevre kalitesini etkileyen dünya çapında ciddi bir sorunudur. Fitoremediasyon, bitki kullanılarak kirleticilerin uzaklaştırılması, giderilmesi veya detoksifiye edilmesi yöntemi, toprakların ıslah edilmesinde çevre dostu alternatif bir çözüm sunar. Bu çalışmada, biyo-bozunabilir bir şelat olan etilendiamin disüksinatın (EDDS) kanola (Brassica napus L.) ile çoklu-metal (Cd, Pb ve Zn) ile kirlenmiş bir toprağın fitoremediasyonu üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Saksı denemesinde, kanola bitkileri çoklu metallerle kirlenmiş toprağın temiz toprakla karıştırılmasıyla elde edilen beş toprak karışımı (%0, %25, %50, %75 ve %100) toprakta iki ay süreyle yetiştirilmiştir. Bitkilerin biyokütleleri tartıldı ve yeşil aksamın Cd, Pb ve Zn alımları ICP-MS kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Toprağa çoklu metallerin eklenmesi, tüm bitkilerde çoklu metal içeriklerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, kontrole kıyasla bitkilerin kuru ağırlıkları % 25 ve % 50 çoklu metal dozlarında EDDS uygulaması ile artmıştır. EDDS, topraktan metallerin (Cd, Pb ve Zn) alınmasını ve bitkinin yeşil aksamında birikmesini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Bitkinin, Zn ve Pb konsantrasyonları hariç EDDS uygulaması ile Cd konsantrasyonu % 25 ve % 50 multimetal dozlarında sırasıyla 141 ve 174 mg Cd kg-1’e ulaşmıştır. Bu değer Cd hiperakümülasyon sınırından (

Effects of EDDS application on phytoextraction of cadmium, lead and zinc contaminated soil with Brassica napus

Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) contaminations of soils are a serious worldwide problem thataffects human health and environmental quality. Phytoremediation, use of green plants to remove, sequester ordetoxify contaminants, offers an environmentally friendly alternative solution for soil remediation. The effect ofcanola (Brassica napus L.) and a biodegradable chelate, ethylenediamine dissuccinate (EDDS), were tested onremediation of multi metal (Cd, Pb, and Zn) contaminated soil. In the pot experiment, plants were grown for twomonths on five soil mixtures obtained by mixing an uncontaminated soil sample with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% ofmultiple metal contaminated soil. The biomass of the plants were weighed, and the uptakes of Cd, Pb and Zn inthe shoot were determined using ICP-MS. The addition of multi metals to the soil led to the increase of multimetal contents in plants. Consequently, the dry weights of the plants were increased with EDDS treatments in25 and 50 % multi-metal doses compared to the control treatment. EDDS has significantly increased the uptakeof metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) from the soil and their accumulations in shoots of the plants. The Cd concentrationof plant was higher than the hyperaccumulation limit of Cd (>100 mg kg-1) with EDDS treatment in 25 and 50%multi-metal doses (141 and 174 mg Cd kg-1, respectively) except for Zn and Pb concentrations.

PDF

___

Angelova VR, Akova VI, Krustev SV, Ivanov KI (2015). Potential of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for phytoremedation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science Index 102, International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 9(6), 607 - 614. http://waset.org/publications/10001509
Attinti R, Barrett KR, Datta R, Sarkar D (2017). Ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) enhances phytoextraction of lead by vetiver grass from contaminated residential soils in a panel study in the field. Environ. Pollut. 225: 524-533.
Baker AJM (1981). Accumulators and excluders-strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals. J. Plant Nutr. 3: 643-654. DOI: 10.1080/01904168109362867.
Bouyoucos GJ (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agron J. 54: 464- 465.
Çiftçi A (2016). Çoklu Metal (kadmiyum, kurşun ve çinko) ile Kirlenmiş Bir Toprağın Arıtımında Yabani Hint Yağı (Ricinus communis) ve Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius) Bitkilerinin Fitoremediasyon Kapasitesinin Araştırılması Mersin Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Multimetal (Cadmium, Lead and Zinc) Treatment of Soil Contaminated with a Wild İndian Oil (Ricinus comminus) and Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Investigation of Phytoremediation Plant Capacity), Master Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Mersin (in Turkish).
Dağhan H (2007). Fitoremediasyon: Bitki Kullanılarak Kirlenmiş Toprakların Temizlenmesi (Phytoremediation: using plant to clean up contaminated sites). GAP V. Tarım Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, s.362-367, 17- 19 Ekim 2007, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye (in Turkish).
Dağhan H (2011). Doğal Kaynaklarda Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri (The effects of heavy metal contaminations in natural sources on human health). MKU Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi (Journal of Agricultural Faculty, MKU) 16 (2):15-25 (in Turkish).
Evangelou MWH, Ebel M, Schaeffer A (2007). Chelate assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals from soil. Effect, mechanism, toxicity, and fate of chelating agents. Chemosphere 68: 989-1003.
Grčman, H, Vodnik D, Velinkonja-Bolta Š, Leštan D (2003). Ethylenediamine dissuccinate as a new chelate for environmentally safe enhanced lead phytoextraction. J. Environ. Qual. 32:500–506.
Kasiuliene A, Paulauskas V, Kumpiene J (2016). Influence of nitrogen fertilizer on Cd and Zn accumulation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) biomass. Agron. Research 14(2): 418–427.
Kos B, Grčman H, Leštan D (2003). Phytoextraction of lead, zinc and cadmium from soil by selected plants. Plant Soil Environ. 49(12): 548-553.
Lee J, Sung·K (2015). EDDS effects on heavy metal uptake by bioenergy plants. J. Soil Groundw. Environ. 20(4): 8-14.
Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978). Development of a DTPA test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42: 421-428.
Luo C, Shen Z, Li X (2005). Enhanced phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd with EDTA and EDDS. Chemosphere 59:1-11.
Markwell J, Osterman JC, Mitchell JL (1995). Calibration of the Minolta SPAD-502 leaf chlorophyll meter. Photosyn. Res. 46(3): 467-472.
Singh J, Kalamdhad AS (2011). Effects of heavy metals on soil, plants, human health and aquatic life. Int. J. Res. Chem. Environ. 1 (2):15-21.
Soil Survey Staff (1951) Soil Survey Manual. U. S. Dept. Agr. Handbook No:18, U.S Goverment Print Office, Washington
Sumiahadi A, Acar R (2018). A review of phytoremediation technology: heavy metals uptake by plants. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 142 012023: 1-9.
Takahashi R, Yamayoshi K, Fujimoto N, Suzuki M (1999). Production of (S,S)-Ethylenediamine-N,N'- disuccinic Acid from Ethylenediamine and Fumaric Acid by Bacteria. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.;63(7):1269-73. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1269
Tangahu BV, Abdullah SRS, Basri H, Idris M, Anuar N, Mukhlisin M (2011). A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. Int. J. Chem. Eng. Volume 2011, Article ID 939161, 31 pages, DOI: 10.1155/2011/939161.
USEPA (1995) Method 3051, Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils and oils. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, 3rd ed, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
Ullah S, Shahid M, Zia-ur-Rehman M,Sabir M (2014). Phytoremediation of Pb- contaminated soils using synthetic chelates. in Chapter 14, Hakeem K, Sabir M, Ozturk M & Mermut AR (Eds.). Soil remediation and plants: prospects and challenges. Academic Press.
Ullmann A, Brauner N, Vazana S, Katz Z, Goikhman R, Seemann B, Marom H, Gozin M (2013). New biodegradable organic-soluble chelating agents for simultaneous removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from contaminated media. J.Hazard. Mater. 260: 676-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.027
Wuana RA, Okieimen FE (2011). Heavy metals in contaminated soils: A review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. ISRN Ecology, Volume 2011, Article ID 402647, 20 pages, DOI: 10.5402/2011/402647