Gholamhossein SHAHGHOLI, Javad JANATKHAH

Eklenen Organik Maddenin Toprak Sıkışmasına Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Son on yılda çiftçilerin yaşadığı sorunlardan biri toprak sıkıştırmasıdır. Toprak dokusu, nem, toprak organik maddesi, makine ağırlığı ve makine trafiği gibi farklı parametreler toprağın sıkışmasını etkiler. Bu parametreler toprağın sıkışmasını önleyecek şekilde yönetilmelidir. Bu araştırmada, kritik nem altında nem içeriğinde standart Proctor testi kullanılarak, tınlı ve kil tın topraklarda sıkışma üzerine 0, 2, 4, 6 ve 8 seviyelerinde koyun gübresi ve vermikompostun etkisi araştırılmıştır. Testler, tam şansa bağlı faktöriyel deneme deseninde 3 tekerürlü olarak düzenlenmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz için SPSS.17 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, her iki organik maddenin eklenen seviyelerinin de toprak sıkışmasının azaltılması üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Organik maddenin %8 uygulamasında, toprak sıkışması % 9.25 oranında azalmıştır. Toprağa organik madde ilavesi, kritik nemi doğrusal olarak azaltmıştır. Organik maddenin %6 ve %8 civarında uygulamalarında, tınlı toprakla karşılaştırıldığında, killi tın toprak üzerinde, daha etkili olmuştur. Toprak sıkışmasının azaltılmasında %2 ve 4 gibi düşük seviyelerde vermikompost, koyun gübresinden daha etkilidir; Bununla birlikte, %6 ve % 8'lik seviyelerde koyun gübresi, daha etkili olmuştur. En az kütle yoğunluğu (1,48 gr/cm3), organik madde içermeyen işlemlere kıyasla toprak sıkışmasını %10 azaltan %8 oranında organik madde ilavesiyle elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Toprak Yoğunluğu, Vermikompost, Gübre, Proctor Testi, Vermikompost

Investigation of The Effects of Organic Matter Application on Soil Compaction

One of the problems, farmers suffer in recent decade, is soil compaction. Different parameters such as soil texture, moisture, soil organic matter, and machine weight and machine traffic affect soil compaction. These parameters should be managed to prevent soil compaction. In this research, the effects of sheep manure and vermicompost with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% levels were investigated on compaction of loam and clay loam soils using standard Proctor test at moisture content under the critical moisture. Tests were arranged as a complete randomized factorial experimental design with three replications. The SPSS.17 software was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that all application levels of both organic matters had significant effects on decrease in soil compaction. Application of 8% organic matter decreased soil compaction by 9.25%. Organic matter application into the soil decreased critical moisture linearly. Organic matter application was more effective on clay loam soil than loam soil, especially at higher levels of 6 and 8%. At lower application levels of 2 and 4%, vermicompost was more effective on soil compaction than manure; however at higher level of 6 and 8 % , manure was more effective in decreasing soil compaction. The lowest bulk density of 1.48 gr cm-3 was obtained with adding 8% of organic matter which decreased soil compaction by 10% in comparison with the treatment without organic matter.

Keywords:

Soil Density, Manure, Vermicompost, Proctor Test, Vermicompost,

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