Domates Güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’nın Entomopatojen Nematodlar ile Biyolojik Mücadelesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı Steinernema affine 46 (Bovien, 1937), S. feltiae 879 (Filipjev, 1934), S. carpocapsae 1133 (Weiser, 1955) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 1144 (Poinar, 1976)’nın domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı virülensliklerini belirlemek ve karşılaştırmaktır. EPN’ler Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden izole edilmiş, farklı gelişme dönemlerindeki T. absoluta bireyleri ise Çanakkale’deki domates tarlalarından toplanmış ve kitle üretimleri yapılmıştır. Pupa denemeleri, laboratuar koşullarında dört farklı sıcaklıkta (10, 15, 20 ve 25±1 oC) 12 çukurlu kültür kaplarında yürütülmüş, her bir nematod türü için bir T. absoluta pupasına 30 infektif juvenil (IJ) inokule edilmiştir. Pupalar uygulamalardan sonraki 7. günde kontrol edilmiş ve ölüm oranları kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm nematod türleri özellikle 25 oC’de pupalarda ölüme neden olmuş, ancak S. affine 46 ve S. feltiae 879 düşük sıcaklıklarda da etkili iken, H. bacteriophora 1144 yüksek sıcaklıklarda daha etkili bulunmuştur. Çünkü sıcaklığın hem nematodun hem de onun simbiyotik bakterisinin aktivitesi ve patojenitesi üzerinde çok önemli bir rolü vardır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar; EPN’lerin T. absoluta’yı infekte etmede önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu ve bu zararlının mücadelesinde kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Ancak EPN’lerin IPM programlarında kullanımlarının desteklenmesi için bunların domates üretim alanlarındaki etkinliği ile ilgili daha çok çalışma yürütülmelidir.

Domates Güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’nın Entomopatojen Nematodlar ile Biyolojik Mücadelesi

The present study aimed to determine and comparethe virulence of Steinernema affine46 (Bovien, 1937), S. feltiae879 (Filipjev, 1934), S. carpocapsae1133 (Weiser, 1955) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora1144 (Poinar, 1976) againsttomato leafminerTuta absoluta(Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). EPNs were isolated from different parts of Turkey andindividualsof different developmental stages of T. absolutawere collected from tomato fields in Çanakkale and mass produced in climate room. Pupae experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at four different temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25±1 oC)in the 12-well culture platesand 30 IJs were inoculatedto a pupa of T. absolutafor each nematode species. After the treatments, pupae were checked on the 7thday and mortalities were recorded. All nematode species caused pupalmortality particularly at 25 °C but S. affine46 and S. feltiae879 weremore effective at lower temperatures while H. bacteriophora1144 was more effective at higher temperatures. Because temperature has an important role on both the activity and pathogenicity of the nematodes and its symbiotic bacteria. According to the results of this study, EPNs have significant potential forinfectingT. absolutaand they can be used in the management of thispest but more studies on the efficacy of EPNs in tomato growing areas must be conducted to support their use inIPM programs.

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