Celaleddin BARUTÇULAR, Abd Elhamid OMAR, Ayman EL SABAGH, Hirofumi SANEOKA

Comparative Physiological Study of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars Under Salt Stress

Soya (Glycine max L.), dünyada geniş alanlarda tarımı yapılan tarla bitkilerinden biridir. Mısır, sınırlı tatlı su kaynakları ile yarı kurak bir ülkedir. Sulama suyu ihtiyacını karşılamak için, geleneksel olmayan tuzlu ya da atık suların da sulamada kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla, Mısır kökenli üç soya çeşidinde (Giza-35, Giza-82, and Giza-111), tuzlu olmayan (kontrol) ve tuzlu (10 mM NaCl) sulama suyunun etkileri, 2010 yılında Japonya'nın Hiroşima Üniversitesi, bitki besleme fizyolojisi laboratuarında yürütülen saksı çalışmaları ile araştırılmıştır. Tuzluluğun bitki üzerindeki etkileri, bitki büyüme parametreleri (BBP) ile belirlenmiştir. Su ilişkiler ise oransal su içeriği ve elektrolit sızıntısı ile saptanmıştır. Tuzluluk stresine tepkiler, bitki dokularındaki klorofil, azot, K, Na ve prolin içeriğinin analizi ile saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, tuz stresi ile BBP arasındaki ilişkilerin negatif olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşın, Prolin, Na+ ve elektrolit sızıntısı, tuzluluk ile birlikte artmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki sonuçlar, Giza-111 çeşidinin incelenen tüm özelliklerinin diğer çeşitlere göre üstün olduğunu göstermiştir. Bitkideki kuru ağırlık, oransal su içeriği ile N, K+ ve prolin biriminin en yüksek değerlerin, çeşitler karşılaştırıldığında Giza-111 çeşidinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Diğer yandan, tuzluluk, tüm çeşitlerin saplarında elektrolit sızıntısı ve Na+ iyonu birikimini artırmıştır. Bununla birlikte en düşük Na+ birikimine Giza-111 çeşidinde rastlanılmıştır. Benzer şekilde, Giza-111 çeşidinin sızıntıya karşı membranlarının daha kararlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, çeşitlerin, tüm özellikleri karşılaştırıldığında Giza-111 çeşidinin tuzlu koşullarda yaşama uyum kabiliyetinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür.

Tuzluluk Stresi Altındaki Soya Çeşitlerinin Fizyolojik Olarak Karşılaştırılması

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the main crops and is widely cultivated in the world. Egypt has a semi-arid country with limited fresh water resources. In order to supply to irrigation water demand, it needs to use of non-conventional water resources such as saline or brackish water for irrigation. With this in mind, an pot experiments was conducted at plant nutritional physiology laboratory, Hiroshima University, Japan in 2010 to investigate the effect of irrigation with saline water on three Egyptian soybean cultivars (Giza-35, Giza-82, and Giza-111) under a non-saline (control) and saline (10 mM NaCl) conditions. The effects of salinity on crop was studied by measuring plant growth parameters. The water relations were estimated by studying the relative water contents and electrolyte leakage. The response to salinity stress was analysed by estimating the chlorophyll content, nitrogen, K+, Na+, proline content of plant tissue. The results showed a negative relationship between salinity stress and most of the measured plant growth parameters. In contrast, proline, Na+ and electrolyte leakage increased with irrigation water salinity. Results indicated that Giza-111 cultivar surpassed other cultivars in all characters under study. The highest value of crop dry weight, relative water content and accumulation of N, K+ and proline observed in Giza-111 with the compare to another cultivars. On the other hand, electrolyte leakage and Na+ ions accumulations were increased in the shoot under salinity in all cultivars. However, the lowest accumulation of Na+ ions was occured in Giza-111. Similarly, Giza-111 was more stabilited membrane to leakage. As a result, Giza-111 cultivar showed more capability and appropriate to survive under salinity condition compared with another cultivars regarding of almost all plant traits.

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