Nedim SAKÇI, Şener KURT, Aysun UYSAL, Emine Mine SOYLU, Merve KARA, Soner SOYLU

Bademde Kanser ve Geriye Doğru Ölüm Etmeni Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae’nın Tanılanması, Patojenisitesi ve Bazı Fungisitlerin In Vitro Etkinlikleri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Batman’ın Binatlı köyündeki badem üretim alanlarında görülen kanser ve geriye doğru ölüm belirtilerine neden olan hastalık etmeninin tanısını yapmak, etmenin patojenisitesini belirlemek ve in vitro koşullarda bazı fungisitlerin patojene karşı etkinliğini saptamaktır. Hastalıklı bitki dokularından elde edilen fungal izolatlar, morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonu sonucunda fungus, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae olarak tanılanmıştır. N. novaehollandiae’nın 5 izolat ile Ferragnes çeşidi badem fidanlarında yapılan patojenisite testinde AlNnov79, en virülent izolat olarak belirlenmiştir. N. novaehollandiae’nın AlNnov79 izolatına karşı beş farklı fungisitin etkinlik denemesi sonucunda en etkili fungisitler; fluazinam (EC50;0.002 µl/ml), thiophanate–methyl (EC50;0.3 µl/ml), tebuconazole (EC50;0.4 µl/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (EC50;2.2 µl/ml), olarak belirlenmiştir. Etkinliği en düşük fungisit ise trifloxystrobin (EC50;19.5 µl/ml) olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Badem, fungisit, geriye doğru ölüm, kanser, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae

Identification and Pathogenicity of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, the Agent of Canker and Dieback in Almonds and In Vitro Activities of Some Fungicides

The objective of the present study is to identify the causal agents associated with cancer and dieback symptoms in almond production areas in Batman's Binatlı village, to determine the pathogenicity of the causal agent, and to determine the efficacy of some fungicides on the pathogen in vitro. As a result of the morphological and molecular characterization of fungal isolates obtained from diseased plant tissues, the fungus was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae. In the pathogenicity test of 5 isolates of N. novaehollandiae on almond seedlings cv Ferragnes, AlNnov79 was determined as the most virulent isolate. As a result of the efficacy trial of five different fungicides on N. novaehollandiae isolate AlNov79, highly effective fungicides were determined as fluazinam (EC50;0.002 µl ml-1), thiophanate–methyl (EC50;0.3 µl ml-1), tebuconazole (EC50;0.4 µl ml-1), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (EC50;2.2 µl ml-1). Trifloxystrobin (EC50;19.5 µl ml-1) was found as the lowest effective fungicide.

Keywords:

Almond, fungicide, dieback, canker, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae,

PDF

___

Akgül DS, Savaş, NG, Özarslandan, M (2019). First report of wood cankercaused by Lasiodiplodia exigua and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae on grapevine in Turkey. Plant Dis 103(5):1036.
Al-Bedak, O. A., Mohamed, R.A., Seddek, N.H. 2018. First detection of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum associated with canker disease in Egyptian Ficus trees. Forest Pathology 48(2):e12411.
Carbone I, Kohn LM (1999). A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556.
Crous, P. W., Slippers, B.,Wingfield,M. J., Rheeder, J.,Marasas,W. F. O., Philips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Burgess, T., Barber, P., and Groenewald, J. Z. 2006. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Stud. Mycol. 55:235-253.
Dervis, S., Turkolmez, S., Ciftci, O., Ulubas Serce, C., Dikilitas, M. 2019. First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing black canker and root rot of walnut in Turkey. Pl. Dis. 103(8): 2129.
Dervis, S., Turkolmez, S., Ciftci, O., Ulubas Serce, C.,Dikilitas, M. 2019. First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing canker, shoot blight, and root rot of pistachio in Turkey. Pl. Dis. 103(6): 1411.
Dissanayake AJ, Camporesi E, Hyde KD, Yan JY, LiXH 2017. Saprobic Botryosphaeriaceae, including Dothiorella italica sp nov., associated with urban and forest trees in Italy. Mycosphere 8:1157-1176.
Eldoğan Ü., Şahan, A, Çoban, N. 2014. Current Situation of Almond Cultivation in Turkey and World. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences Special Issue: 2, 2014.
Farr, D.F., Rossman, A.Y., 2021. Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https://nt. ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Gramaje, D., Agusti-Brisach, C., Perez-Sierra, A., Moralejo, E., Olmo, D.,Mostert, L., Damm, U., ve Armengol, J. 2012. Fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of almond trees on Mallorca (Spain). Persoonia 28:1-13.
Gusella, G., Morgan, D.P., Michailides, T.,J. 2021. Further Investigation on Limb Dieback of Fig (Ficus carica) Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in California. Plant Disease. Vol. 105, No. 2.
Inderbitzin, P., Bostock, R.M., Trouillas, F.P., Michailides, T.J., 2010. A six locus phylogeny reveals high species diversity in Botryosphaeriaceae from California almond. Mycologia, 102(6): 1350–1368.
Kayım M, Endes A, Eskalen A (2015) First report of Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia sp. associated with wood canker and dieback on almond in Turkey. XVIII. International plant protection congress (IPPC), Berlin, Germany p.798.
Kurt, Ş., Uysal A., Soylu, E.M., Kara, M., Soylu, S., 2019. First record of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with pistachio dieback in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Mycologia Iranica 6(1): 55 – 57.
Lynch S.C., Eskalen A., Zambino P.J., Mayorquin J.S., 2013. Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) decline in southern California. Mycologia 105(1): 125–140.
Moral, J., Morgan, D., Michailides, T.J., 2019.Management of Botryosphaeria canker and blight diseases of temperate zone nut crops. Crop Protection 126: 104927.
Nouri, M.T., Lawrence, D.P., Yaghmour, M.A. Michailides, T.J., Trouillas, F.P. 2018. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Canker, Shoot Blight and Fruit Rot of Almond in California. Vol. 102, 1638-1647.
Olmo, D., Armengol, J., Leon, M., Gramaje, D., 2016. Characterization and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Isolated from Almond Trees on the Island of Mallorca (Spain). Plant Disease 100(12): 2483-2491.
Olmo, D., Gramaje, D., Armengol, J., 2017. Evaluation of fungicides to protect pruning wounds from Botryosphaeriaceae species infections on almond trees. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 56: 77–86.
Ören, E., Koca, G., Gencer R., Bayraktar, H. 2020. First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with stem canker and branch dieback of almond trees. Australasian Plant Disease Notes (2020) 15:17
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Abdollahzadeh J, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Groenewald J, Crous PW 2013. The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76: 51-167.
Ray J.D., Burgess T., Lanoiselet V.M., 2010. First record of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and N. novaehollandiae on Mangifera indica and N. dimidiatum on Ficus carica in Australia. Australian Plant Disease Notes 5: 48–50.
Slippers B, Boissin E, Phillips AJL, Groenewald JZ, Lombard L, Wingfield MJ, Postma A, Burgess T, Crous PW 2013. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriales: a systematic and evolutionary framework. Studies in Mycology 76: 31-49.
Slippers B, Wingfield MJ 2007. Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: diversity, ecology and impact. Fungal Biology Reviews 21: 90-106.
Şimşek M, Gülsoy, E., 2017. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin Badem (Prunus amygdalus L.) Potansiyeline Genel Bir Bakış. Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der. 7(3): 19-29.
Uysal A, Kurt Ş (2019) Limonda antraknoz hastalığı etmeni Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.’in bazı fungisitlere karşı in vitro duyarlılığı. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 59(1): 53-62.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315-322.