Biodiversity of Streptomyces of from soil samples of Halapja, Iraq

Bu çalışmanın amacı özelde Streptomyces ve genelde actinomycetes bakterilerini Irak Halabja’sinde toplanan topraklardan izole etmektir. Bu amaçla, Halepçenin farklı 30 bölgesinde toprak numuneleri toplanarak laboratuvara getirildi ve fizikokimyasal paramatreleri ölçüldü. İlk olarak klasık izolasyon yöntemi kullanıldı. Toprak numunelerinden hazırlanan dilüsyonlar içerisine cycloheximide, nystatine ve novobiocin eklenmiş nişasta-kazein agar ve raffinoz-histidine agar petri kutularına ekim yapıldı ve toplamda substrat ve havasal miselyomlara sahip 105 koloni seçildi ve saflaştırıldı. Bütün izolatlar oatmeal agar besi ortamında havasal spor, substrat miselyum renkleri ve diffüziye pigment renkleri ve ayrıca pepton-yeast agar besi ortamında melanin üretimi dikate alınarak renk gruplandırılması yapıldı ve sonuçta 105 izolat 10 renk grubuna ayrıldı. Renk gruplarını temsilen seçilen 20 izolat 40 diagnostik teşhis testleri yapıldı ve sonrasında bilgisayara dayalı programla sonuçlar analiz edildi ve dendrogram oluşturuldu. Bu 20 test organisması 10 gruba ayrıldı ve sonuçlar renk gruplandırması ile yaklaşık benzerlik gösterdi. Teşhisi yapılan bu 20 test suşu 10 kümeye ayrıldı ve bu kümeler renk gruplandırması sonucunda elde edilenlerle hemen hemen aynı suşları içerdi. 4 test suşunun hücre duvar yapısındaki hem diamino pimelik asit çeşidi hem de içerdiği şeker tipi tayin edildi. Bu suşlardan 3’ü Streptomyces bakterileri için belirleyici olan LL-diaminopimelik asit (DAP) ve yine tüm hücre hidrlizatlarında belirleyici olan şeker tiplerini (riboz, glukoz ve mannoz) içerdiği belirlendi. Bir suş ise Nocardiopsis bakterileri için belirleyici olan meso-A2pm DAP ve tüm hücre hidrolizatlarındagalaktoz ve riboz şeker tipini içerdiği belirlendi. Kemotaksonomik çalışma sonuçları fenotipik analiz sonuçlarını destekledi. Streptomyces koloni sayısı genelde düşük seviyede olduğu belirlendi ve 30 toprak numunesinden 18’inde Streptomyces kolonisi gözetlenmedi. Bunun muhtemel nedeni 1988’de Halepçe’nin Kimyasal bombalarla bombalanması olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Streptomyces

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