Türkiyede yükseköğretim: Devlet üniversitelerinde özyönetime yönelik yeni eğilimler*

1980li yıllardan itibaren, Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) ve devlet üniversiteleri arasındaki ilişki tartışmaların gölgesinde kalmıştır. Günümüzde, YÖK mevcut durumda bir değişiklik başlatmakta ve üniversite sisteminde özyönetime dayanan modelleri geliştirmektedir. YÖK Genel Kuruluna sunulan ön raporda açıklandığı üzere finansal özerkliğin kritik öneme sahip bir yapıtaşı olması nedeniyle yeni yönetim stratejisinin bir parçası olarak yeni fonlama modelleri geliştirilmelidir. Son otuz yıl içinde devlet ile üniversiteler arasında benzer bir reform yaşanan batılı ülkelerde, üniversitelerin devlet tarafından finansmanında formüle dayalı kaynak dağıtımı modeline kıyasla performansa dayalı kaynak dağıtımı modeline ağırlık verilmiştir. Formüle dayalı mekanizmalar finansmanı girdi değerlerine bağlarken, performansa dayalı fonlama modelleri kaynak dağıtımını çıktı değerlerine bağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda, reform edilmiş yükseköğretim sistemlerinde alternatif fonlama modellerine değindikten sonra yeni bir fonlama modeli önermekte ve bu modelin Türkiyedeki yükseköğretim sisteminde işleyiş ve yönetimine ilişkin mekanizmaları tartışmaktayız.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Devlet üniversiteleri, üniversitelerde kaynak dağıtımı, üniversite yönetim stratejileri.

Higher Education in Turkey: Trends Towards Self-Steering Public Universities*

Since the 1980s, there has been a long-running debate on the relationship between the Turkish Council of Higher Education and public universities. Today, the council is initiating a change in the status quo and developing models based on the self-steering of these universities. As indicated in the preliminary report that was recently presented to the General Assembly of the Council, new funding models must be developed as part of this new steering strategy since financial autonomy is a crucial component and of critical importance for self-governing universities. In the Western World, where a similar reform in the relationship between governments and universities took place in the last three decades, the governmental funding of universities mainly focuses on the performance-based allocation of resources rather than on the formula-driven allocation of resources. Formula-driven mechanisms link funding to input measures whereas performance-based mechanisms tie resource allocation to output measures. After discussing these alternative funding models found in the reformed tertiary education systems, we propose in this paper a new funding model and discuss the mechanisms for its governance and management in Turkish higher education.

Keywords:

Public universities, university resource allocation, steering strategies for universities.,

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