Türk kadın akademisyenlerin karşılaştığı kariyer engelleri

Bu araştırmanın amacı kamu üniversitelerinde çalışan Türk kadın akademisyenlerin kariyerlerinde ilerleme süreçlerinde karşılaştıkları engelleri incelemektir. Araştırma nitel desende oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği bireysel görüşmedir. Bireysel görüşmelerde, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya dokuz profesör, bir yardımcı doçent, iki doktor ve sekiz öğretim görevlisi olmak üzere farklı disiplinlerden toplamda 20 kadın akademisyen katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonucu ortaya çıkan temalar şunlardır: "Destek", "Kariyere Verilen Ara" ve "Sosyal Faktörler: Özgüven, Önyargılar ve Rol Çatışması". Temalar katılımcıların cevaplarından alınan direkt alıntılarla desteklenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda bulgular doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kadın akademisyenler, kariyer, kariyer engelleri, yükseköğretim

Career Barriers Faced by Turkish Women Academics: Support for What?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers Turkish women academics working in state universities face throughout their career progression. The research was formed in qualitative research design. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with a semi-structured interview form. 20 women academics in total including nine professors, one assistant professor, two doctors and eight instructors from a variety of disciplines participated in the research. Content analysis was conducted and the themes that emerged as a result of the data analysis were "Support", "Career Breaks", and "Social Factors: Self-Confidence, Prejudice, and Role Conflict". The themes were supported by direct quotations from the participants' responses. Recommendations were made related to the findings of the research.

Keywords:

Career, career barriers, higher education, women academics,

PDF

___

Aycan, Z., & Eskin, M. (2005). Relative contributions of childcare, spousal support, and organizational support in reducing work-family conflict for men and women: The case of Turkey. Sex Roles, 53(7/8), 453–471.
Baker, M. (2010). Career confidence and gendered expectations of academic promotion. Journal of Sociology, 46(3), 317–334.
Bakioglu, A. (1996). Teachers’ career phases. Paper presented at II. National Education Symposium Proceedings, 19–27.
Banks, C. H. (2006). Career planning: Towards a more inclusive model for women and diverse individuals. Paper presented at International Human Resources Development Conference, February 2006, 640–647 (Symposium 31-1).
Burke, R., & Vinnicombe, S. (2005). Advancing women’s careers. Career Development International, 10(3), 165–168.
Carvalho, T., & Santiago, R. (2010). New challenges for women seeking an academic career: the hiring process in Portuguese higher education institutions. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 32(3), 239–249.
Coleman, M. (1996). Barriers to career progress for women in education: The perceptions of female head-teachers. Educational Research, 38(3), 317–332.
Coogan, P. A., & Chen, C. P. (2007). Career development and counselling for women: Connecting theories to practice. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 20(2), 191–204.
Cook, E. P., Heppner, M. J., & O’Brien, K. M. (2002). Career development of women of colour and white women: Assumptions, conceptualization and interventions from an ecological perspective. Career Development Quarterly, 50(4) 291–305.
Cornell, S. J., Benard, S., & Paik, I. (2007). Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? American Journal of Sociology, 112(5), 1297–1338.
Evers, A., & Sieverding, M. (2014). Why do highly qualified women (still) earn less? Gender differences in long-term predictors of career success. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38(1), 93–106.
Fox, M. F. (2001). Women, science and academia: Graduate education and careers. Gender & Society, 15(5), 654–666.
Fox, M. F., Fonseca, C., & Bao, J. (2011). Work and family conflict in academic science: Patterns and predictors among women and men in research universities. Social Studies of Science, 41(5), 715–735.
Hamel, S. A. (2009). Exit, voice and sense-making following psychological contract violations. Journal of Business Communication, 46(2), 234–260.
Hunter, L. A., & Leahey, E. (2010). Parenting and research productivity: New evidence and methods. Social Studies of Science, 40(3), 1–19.
Juraqulova, Z., Byington, T., & Kmec, J. A. (2015). The impacts of marriage on perceived academic career success: Differences by gender and discipline. International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 7(3), 369–392.
Kaparou, M., & Bush, T. (2007). Invisible barriers: The career progress of women secondary school principals in Greece. Compare: A Journal of Comparative Education, 37(2), 221–237.
Kmec, J. A. (2013). Why academic STEM mothers feel they have to work harder than others on the job. Gender, Science and Technology, 5(2), 79–101.
Koyuncu, M., Burke, R. J., & Fiksenbaum, L. (2006). Work experience and satisfaction of male and female professors in Turkey: Signs of progress? Equal Opportunities International, 25(1), 38–47.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice and performance. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 45(1), 79–122.
Mavriplis, C., Heller, R., Beil, C., & Dam, K. (2010). Mind the gap: Women in STEM career breaks. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 5(1), 141–151.
Morley, L. (2014). Lost leaders: Women in the global academy. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(1), 114–128.
Murtagh, N., Lopes, P., & Lyons, E. (2007). What makes a career barrier a barrier? Industrial and Commercial Training, 39(6), 332–338.
Muschallik, J., & Pull, K. (2016). Mentoring in higher education: Does it enhance mentees’ research productivity. Education Economics, 24(2), 210–223.
O’Brien, K. R., & Hapgood, K. P. (2012). The academic jungle: Eco-system modelling reveals why women are driven out of research. Oikos, 121, 999–1004.
O’Dorchai, S. (2006). Supporting women’s career advancement-challenges and opportunities. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 12(3), 463–467.
Ozbilgin, M., & Healy, G. (2004). The gendered nature of career development of university professors: The case of Turkey. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 64, 358–371.
Ozkanli, O., & White, K. (2008). Leadership and strategic choices: Female professors in Australia and Turkey. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 30(1), 53–63.
Pagnan, C. E., & MacDermid Wadsworth, S. (2015). Graduate students’ perceptions of the prospects for combining career and family: The role of academic program and gender. The Journal of Professoriate, 8(1), 22–53.
Perna, L. W. (2001). The relationship between family responsibilities and employment status among college and university faculty. The Journal of Higher Education, 72(5), 584–611.
Perriton, L. (2006). Does women + a network = career progression. Leadership, 2(1), 101–113.
Ragins, B. R. & Cotton, J. L. (1991). Easier said than done: Gender differences in perceived barriers to gaining a mentor. Academy of Management Journal, 34(4), 939–951.
Rhoton, L. A. (2011). Distancing as a gendered barrier: Understanding women scientists’ gender practices. Gender & Society, 25(6), 696–716.
Rhyne, C., & Shiremen, J. (1998). Career paths for women in social work administration. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 16(1), 163–178.
Rosser, S. V. (2006). Using POWRE to advance: Institutional barriers identified by women scientists and engineers. In J. M. Bystydzienski, & S. R. Bird (Eds.), Removing barriers: Women in academic science, technology, engineering and mathematics (pp. 69–92). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Roth, L. M. (2004). Competing devotions: Career and family among women executives. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 33(4), 437–439.
Terosky, A. L., O’Meara, K. A., & Campbell, C. M. (2014). Enabling possibility: Women associate professors’ sense of agency in career advancement. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 7(1), 58–76.
Tower, L. E., & Alkadry, M. G. (2008). The social cost of career success for women. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 28(2), 144–165.
Tanenbaum, C., & Upton, R. (2014). Early academic career pathways in STEM: Do gender and family status matter? Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research.
Ward, K., & Wolf-Wendel, L. (2004). Academic motherhood: Managing complex roles in research universities. The Review of Higher Education, 27(2), 233–257.
Wolfinger, N. H., Mason. M. A., & Goulden, M. (2008). Problems in the pipeline: Gender, marriage, and fertility in the ivory tower. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(4), 388–405.
Wood, G. J., & Newton, J. (2006). Facing the wall-equal opportunity for women in management?. Equal Opportunities International, 25(1), 8–24.