PINAR ASLAN KOŞAR, Erdem ÇAPAR, Alim KOŞAR

Mesane kanseri ve RAS proto-onkogenleri

Mesane kanserleri genitoüriner sistem tümörleri içerisinde ikinci sıklıkta gözlenen malignite türüdür. Yüzeyel mesane tümörlü hastaların %70’den fazlasında başlangıç mesane transüretral rezeksiyonu sonrası bir veya daha fazla rekürrens gözlenir, ve yaklaşık bu hastaların üçte birinde hastalık progresyon gösterir. İnvaziv mesane kanseri ise metastazlara bağlı olarak % 50 ölüm hızı nedeniyle yıkıcı bir hastalıktır. RAS genleri Onkogen ailesinin bir üyesidir. Ras proteinlerinin hücre içinde protein kinaz MAP kaskadını aktifleştirmesiyle oluşan devamlı mitojenik sinyal sonucu ölümsüz hücreler oluşur. Ras proteinlerinin hücredeki çoğalma sinyallerinde rol alması onları üreteliyal tümörlerde görülen mutasyonlar için önemli bir hedef haline getirir. İnsan kanserlerinde RAS protoonkogeni mutasyonları en sık görülen genetik değişikliklerdendir. Ras genlerindeki somatik mutasyonlar primer ve rekürren üreteliyal tümörlerde erken tanıda ve tedavi takibinde kullanılabilir.Bu derlemede mesane kanserleri ile RAS mutasyonları ilişkisi gözden geçirildi

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Onkogenler, mesane kanseri

Bladder cancer and RAS proto-oncogenes

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary tumors. After initial TURB, %70 of patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer have develop one or more recurrences and one third of them will progress to invasive tumor. Muscle invaziv bladder cancer is a devastating disease since over 50% of the patients will die from metastatic disease. RAS genes are the member of oncogenes family. The main function of the ras proteins is to induce activation of protein kinase pathway, which in turn results in continuous mitogenic signaling and transformation of immortalized cells. Because of their active involvement in proliferative signals within the growing cell, ras genes are the most common targets for somatic mutations in urotelial tumors. RAS protooncogene mutations in the human cancers are the most common observed genetic alterations. In urothelial tumors somatic mutations in the ras genes may be of use for early detection of primary and recurrent tumors, for follow up targeted therapies in tissue-based assays. In this review, it was revised relations between RAS gene mutations and bladder cancer

Keywords:

Onkogenes, bladder cancer,

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