The impacts of the lisbon treaty on the energy charter teraty: Can potential conflicts be prevented?

Avrupa Birliği'nde uluslararası antlaşmalar ve Avrupa Birliği hukukun uygulanması uzun zamandır tartışılmakta olan bir konu. Her ne kadar pek çok kararmda Avrupa Adalet Divanı, uluslararası antlaşmalar m, Avrupa Birliği hukukundan öncelikli ve üstün olamayacağım vurgulasa da Lizbon Antlaşmasının yürürlüğe girmesiyle birlikte, değişen yetki dağılımıyla birlikte pek çok yeni alamn Birlik üyesi ülkelerin tasarruf yetkisinde mi yoksa Avrupa Birliğinin münhasır yetkisinde mi kaldığı hukuksal bir sorun olarak ortaya çıktı. Bu alanlardan biri de yabancı yatırımlar, iki taraflı veya çok taraflı yatırım antlaşmalarının hukuki konumu olarak ön plana çıktı. Avrupa Parlamento su'nun bu konu üzerine çalışmalara başlaması ve Avrupa Adalet Divanı'nın "AES Summit Generation Limited and AES-Tism Erömü Kft. Ve Macaristan " davasında aldığı karar, konu üzerine olan tartışmaları alevlendirdi.Enerji Şartı Antlaşması ise yabancı yatırımlar ve çok taraflı yatıran antlaşmaları içinde Avrupa Birliği açısından pek çok milletlerarası antlaşmadan farklı bir konumda; zira hem Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkelerin hem de Avrupa Birliği'nin Enerji Şartı Antlaşmasına taraf olması, onu pek çok uluslararası antlaşmadan farkı kılıyor. Ayrıca Enerji Şartı Antlaşmasının kendi uyuşmazlık çözüm mekanizması seçeneklerini sunması, birçok alana dair düzenlemeler getirmesi Avrupa Birliği hukuku ve uluslararası antlaşmaların uygulanması açısından kendine has önemli bir örnek olduğunun da kanıtı niteliğinde.Bu makale, Lizbon Antlaşması sonrasında Enerji Şartı Antlaşması ile Avrupa Birliği hukuku arasında doğabilecek olası uyuşmazlıkları irdelemeye çalışacaktır.

Lizbon antlaşmasının enerji şartı sözleşmesi'ne olan etkileri: Potansiyel çatışmalar önlenebilir mi?

The application of European Union law and the conflict between European Union law and international law is a controversial issue. In many cases the European Court of Justice stated that European law could not be applicable in international dispute settlement processes and it is the only authority for the interpretation of EU law.Another controversial issue is the international investment treaties between European Union member states and third countries and between European Union member states. Before the Lisbon Treaty, the European Union claimed that those investment ti'eaties fell under the competence of the European Union and that member states had to annul them. After the Lisbon Treaty, the status of the foreign direct investment under European Union law became more complicated because article 207 of the Treaty on the Functioning on the European Union clearly made the European Union a player in the game. However, the nature of this competence has not been clearly determined. In July, 2010, the Commission announced a new policy for international investments and draft regidations; "Towards a comprehensive European international investment policy", "establishing transitional arrangements for bilateral investment agreements between Member States and third countries ".1 The Commission basically pointed out that foreign direct investments and bilateral investment treaties fall within the policy areas of exclusive competence of the European Union.While all those developments were happening and debates were going on regarding European Union law, the "AES Summit Generation Limited and AES-Tisza Erömü KfL v. Republic of Hun-gaiy"~ arbitration award was published. This caused a renewed interest in the position of European Union law within the international law legal order and its consequences for investments in European Union member states. An example of where a conflict between EU and international law may rise is the Energy Charter Treaty as both the European Union and its member states are parties and moreover, as the Energy Charter Treaty has its own dispute settlement rules. This article will examine the possible conflict between European Union law and the Energy Charter Treaty rules after the com-ing into force of the Lisbon Treaty.

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International Treaties
1.Energy Charter Treaty
2.Treaty of the European Union & Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
3.Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States
4.World Trade Organization Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes
5.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
6.Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures
7.Vienna Convention of Law of the Treaties
Awards& Cases
1. Arbitration Awards
.Nykomb Synergetics Technology Holding AB (Sweden) v, Latvia (Arbitration Institute of the SCC - Case no:118/2001)
.Plama Consortium Ltd. (Cyprus) v. Bulgaria (ICSID- Case no: ARB/03/24)
.Eastern Sugar BV v. Czech Republic (Arbitration Institute of the SCC - Case no: 088/ 2004)
.Ireland v. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothera Ireland ("MOX Plant Case") (Permanet court of Arbitration -2003)
•Belgium v.Netherlands ("Iron Rhine Arbitration")(Permanet court of Arbitration - 2005)
.AES Summit Generation Limited and AES-Tisza Erömü Kft. v. Republic of Hungary (ICSID Case No.ARB/07/22)
2. European Court of Justice Cases
.Costa v. E.N.E.L Case (Case No: 6-64)
.Commission of the European Communities v. Irel and (Case No: C-459/03)
.Hermes International v FHT Marketing Choice BV"(Case No: C-53/96)
.Yassin Abdullah Kadi and A1 Baralcaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (Case No: Joined Cases Ç-402-05 P&C-415/05P)
Books
1.J.Dore & R. De Bauw, "The Energy Charter Treaty: Origins, Aims and Prospects", The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chemeleon Press, 1995
2.P.Craig & G. De Burca, "EU Law; Text, Cases and Materials", Oxford University Press, 4th Edition, 2008
3.M. K. Omalu, "Nafta and the Energy Charter Treaty: Compliance with Implemantation and Effectiveness of the International Investment Agreements", Kluwer Law International, Nafta Law and Policy Series, Volume 5
4."Investment Arbitration & the Energy Charter Treaty", edited by C. Ribeiro, Juris Net LLC, 2006
5. R. Dozer & C. Schreuer, "Principles of International Investment Law", Oxford University Press, 2008
Articles
1.G. Coop, "Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union: Is the Conflict Inevitable?", Journal of the Energy & Natural Resources Law, Vol 27 No: 3, 2009
2.L.Brazell, "Draft Energy Charter Treaty: Trade, Competition, Investment and Environment", Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 1994
3.E. Gaillard, "Investments & Investors Covered by the Energy Charter Treaty",from the book "Investment Arbitration & the Energy Charter Treaty", edited by C. Ribeiro, Juris Net LLC, 2006: chapter 2
4.K.Hober, "Investment Arbitration and the Energy Charter Treaty", Journal of International Dispute Settlement, Volume 1, No.l, 2010
5.R.Happ, "Dispute Settlement Under the Energy Charter Treaty", Transnational Dispute Management.com, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2005
6.L. Gouiffes, "The Dispute Settlement Mechanism of the Energy Charter Treaty",from the book "Investment Arbitration & the Energy Charter Treaty", edited by C. Ribeiro, Juris Net LLC, 2006: chapter 1
7.A. Van Aaken, "Fragmentation of International Law: The Case of International Investment Protection", University of St. Galen Law School; Law & Economics Research Paper Series, Working Paper No: 2008-1
8.I. Van Bladel, "The Iron Rhine Case: On the Right Legal Track?", Hague Justice Journal, Volume 1, No:l, 2006
9.J. Guimmon, "It's Time for an EU Investment Promotion Agency", Perspectives on topical foreign direct investment issues by the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment, No:20, 4, March, 2010
10.S. Woolcock, "EU Trade and Investment Policymaking After the Lisbon Treaty", (http://www.ceps.eu/system/files/article/2010/02/22-25-Woolcock_0.pdf)
11.A. Emch, '"News from Luxemburg- Is the New EU Investment Law Taking A Shape?", The Journal of the World Investment & Trade, 03/12/2008
12.J. Kleinheisterkamp, " Dawn for New BIT Genera-tion?-The New European Investment Policy", Kluwer Arbitration Blog, published December, 23, 2010. (http ://kluwerarbitrationblog.com/blog/2010/12/23/the-dawn-of-a-new-bit-generation-%e2%80%93-the-new-european-investment-policy/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campa ign=Feed%3 A+KluwerArbitrationBlogFull+%2 8Kluwer+Arbitrati on+Blog+_+Latest+Entries%29)
Online Sources
1.Official web-site of the Energy Charter Treaty: http://www.encharter.org/mdex.php?id=l&L=0 (Last visited on August 20th 2010)
2.Official web-site of the European Parliament: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/default_en.htm (Last visited on August 23rd 2010)
3.Official web-site of the European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm (Last visited on August 23rd 2010)
4.Official web-site of the European Court of Justice: http://curia.europa.eu/jcnis/jcms/j_6 (Last visited on August 19th 2010)
5.Official web-site of the World Trade Organization: http://www.wto.org (Last visited on August 18 th 2010)
6.Official web-site of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes:
http://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/Index.jsp (Last visited on August 20th 2010)
7.Official web-site of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce: http://www.sccinstitute.com (Last visited on August 23rd 2010)
8.Official web-site of the Permanent Court of Arbitration: http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=363 (Last visited on August 21st 2010)
9.The Energy Charter Readers'Guide: http://www.encharter.org/fileadmin/user_upload/document/ECT_G uide_ENG.pdf (Last visited on August 24th 2010)
10.The Energy Charter Treaty and the Related Documents: http ://www. encharter.org/fileadmin/user_upload/document/EN.pdf (Last visited on August 24th 2010)
11.European Union Book Shop: http://bookshop.europa.eu/is-buVINTERSHOP.enfinity/WFS/EU-Bookshop-Site/en_GB/-/EUR/ViewApplication-DisplayCachedWelcomePage (Last visited on August 21st 2010)
12.Euro Lex (official web-site of the European Union for online versions of the European Union Legislations): http://eurlex.europa.eu/en/index.htm (Last visited on August 20th 2010)
13.Official web-site of the Turksih Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.en.mfa (Last visited on July 5th 2010)
14.Kluwer Arbitration Blog: http://lcluwerarbitrationblog.com (Last visited on August 21st 2010)
15.Transnational Dispute Settlement Management: http://www.transnational-dispute-management.com (Last visited on August 17th 2010)
Other Soruces
1. P. Muchlinski, F. Ortino & C. Sclireuer, "The Oxford handbook of international investment law", Oxford University Press, 2008 (avaible at University of Amsterdam, Law Library, Oudemanhuispoort 4,1000 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlans