Irkçılık ve Ayrımcılık Bağlamında Blackface Makyajı ve Mickey Fare Karakteri

19. yüzyıl Minstrel gösterilerinde Blackface makyajının katkısıyla oluşturulan siyahi insanları aşağılayıcı klişeler, 1990'lara kadar yayınlanan popüler çizgi filmlerde de kendini göstermiştir. Çalışmamız ABD'de siyahlara yönelik kölelik ve ayrımcılık süreçlerinin tarihsel kökenlerini ve Mickey Mouse'un tasarımının bu süreçlere dayandığı iddialarını araştırmıştır. Konu ikincil veri analizi ve mevcut kaynakların kullanımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tartışmamızı konu alan çizgi film ve içerisinde rol alan karakterlerin tasarımları ikonolojik metodoloji ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu karşılaştırmalı incelemeler ile elde edilmiş bulgular birlikte değerlendirilerek yenilikçi çıkarımlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmamız; tarihsel süreç içinde ABD'de siyahlara uygulanan kölelik ve ayrımcılık odaklı çeşitli ırkçı hassasiyetlerin anlaşılması yoluyla günümüz ABD kolektif bilinçdışının anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, diğer sanat türlerine ve sosyal bilimlerin diğer ilgili dallarına katkı sağlamayı ve animasyon sanatının konu özeline değinmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kölelik, Blackface, Jim Crow, Çizgi Film, Miki Fare

Blackface Makeup and Mickey Mouse Character in the Context of Racism and Discrimination

Degrading stereotypes of black people, created with the contribution of Blackface make-up in the 19th-century Minstrel shows, also showed themselves in popular cartoons published until the 1990s. Our study investigated the historical origins of the slavery and discrimination processes against black people in the USA and the claims that the design of Mickey Mouse was based on these processes. The subject was carried out with secondary data analysis and the use of existing sources. Animated cartoon films and the design of the characters in them that are about our discussion are analyzed with an iconological methodology. The findings obtained through these comparative studies were evaluated together and innovative results were obtained. Our research; aims to contribute to the understanding of today's USA collective unconscious on this subject, through the slavery and discrimination applied to blacks in the USA in the historical process, and the understanding of various racist sensitivities. With this aspect, the study aims to contribute to other art genres and other related branches of social sciences, as well as address the subject-specific of the art of animation.

Keywords:

Slavery, Blackface, Jim Crow, Cartoon, Mickey Mouse,

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