2000’Lİ YILLARDA GRAMSCİ’Yİ ANLAMAK: ORTAK DUYUNUN KAYNAĞI OLARAK TOPLUMSAL HAREKETLERİN ÖNEMİ

Gramsci’nin kavramları, günümüzde yeni bir toplumsal mücadele ve sosyalizm perspektifi çizmek isteyen düşünürler için hala önemli bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Toplumsal dönüşümün organizatörü partinin yerini yeni zamanlarda postmodern prens olarak adlandırılan toplumsal hareketlerin alıp almadığı bu alanın güncel tartışmalarından biridir. Gramsci’nin öngördüğü düşünsel ve ahlaki dönüşümde mevzi savaşının sivil toplum katmanını kuşatacak şekilde sürmesi, yeni toplumsal hareketlerin yürüttüğü mücadeleleri anlamakta kullanılabilir. Bu hareketler, özellikle küreselleşme meselesinde, yerleşik hegemonyanın karşısında yeni bir ortak duyu ve dünya algısı geliştirmeye çabalamaktadır. Bu çabaların devrimci bir sürece evrilmesi, hareketlerin işbirliği alanlarının çoğalmasına bağlıdır. Bu yazıda, 2000’li yıllarda Gramsci’nin düşüncelerinin ve özellikle ortak duyu meselesinin toplumsal hareketler nezdinde nasıl karşılık bulduğu incelenmiştir. Çünkü. Gramsci’nin görüşlerinin çoğulcu bir yorumuna dayanan bakış açısıyla, toplumsal hareketlerin özellikle karşı-küreselleşme sürecindeki girişimleri örtüşmektedir.

TO UNDERSTAND GRAMSCI AT 2000s: THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AS THE SOURCE OF COMMON SENSE

The concepts of Gramsci offer a critical framework for the scholars who want to draw up a new social struggle and socialism perspective. The question of whether the political party as the organisation of social transformation leaves its place to the social movements that are called as postmodern prince is one of the ongoing debate of this issue. The continuity of the war of position in the intellectual and moral transformation foreseen by Gramsci by embracing the civil society can be meaningful for understanding the struggles that the new social movements run These movements, especially on globalization issue, make efforts to create a new common sense and a perception of the world against established hegemony. Evolution of these efforts to a revolutionary process depends on the augmentation of the areas of cooperation of the movements. This article examines how Gramsci’s thinking and especially the notion of common sense corresponds to the social movements because the point of view based on a pluralist interpretation of Gramsci’s thoughts overlaps with the initiations of the social movements especially in the counter globalization process.

PDF

___

ATAAY, Faruk; KALFA, Ceren (2008) “‘Modern Prens’ten ‘Post-Modern Prens’e: Gramsci’nin Siyasal Parti Kuramı Üzerine”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 15: 26-49.
BOGGS, Carl (1984) Two Revolutions: Antonio Gramsci and the Dilemmas of Western Marxism, Boston: South and Press.
BUTKO, Thomas J. (2006) “Gramsci and the ‘Anti-Globalization’ Movement: Think Before You Act”, Socialism and Democracy, 20 (2): 79-102.
COX, Robert W. (1999) “Civil Society at the Turn of the Millenium: Prospects for an Alternative World Order”, Review of International Studies, 25: 3-28.
CROSSLEY, Nick (2002) Making Sense of Social Movements, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Della PORTA, Donatella; ANDRETTA, Massimiliano; MOSCA, Lorenzo; REITER, Herbert (2006) Globalization From Below: Transnational Activist and Protest Networks, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
EAGLETON, Terry (1996) İdeoloji, çev. Muttalip Özcan, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
FERREIRA, Francisco Whitaker (2006) Towards a New Politics: What Future for the World Social Forum, Delhi: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam Publication Limited.
FONTANA, Benedetto (1993) Hegemony and Power: On the Relation Between Gramsci and Machiavelli, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
FORGACS, David (haz.) (2010) Gramsci Kitabı: Seçme Yazılar 1916-1935, çev. İbrahim Yıldız, Ankara: Dipnot.
GILL, Stephen (2000) “Toward a Postmodern Prince? The Battle in Seattle as a Moment in the New Politics of Globalization”, Millenium: Journal of International Studies, 29 (1): 131-140.
GILL, S. (2002) “Constitutionalizing Inequality and the Clash of Globalizations”, International Studies Review, 4 (2): 47-65.
GILL, S. (2009) “Pessimism of Intelligence, Optimism of Will: Reflections on Political Agency in the Age of ‘Empire’”, Joseph Francese (ed.), Perspectives on Gramsci: Politics, Culture and Social Theory içinde, New York: Routledge, 97-109.
GRAMSCI, Antonio (2010) Gramsci Kitabı: Seçme Yazılar 1916-1935, David Forgacs (haz.), çev. İbrahim Yıldız, Ankara: Dipnot.
HARDT, Michael; NEGRI, Antonio (2011) Ortak Zenginlik, çev. Eflâ-Barış Yıldırım, İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
JOHNSTON, Hank; LARANA, Enrique; GUSFIELD, Joseph (1994) “Identities, Grievances and New Social Movements”, New Social Movements – From Ideology to Identity, Philedelphia: Temple University Press.
JURIS, Jeffrey S. (2008) Networking Futures: The Movements Against Corporate Globalization, Duke University Press.
LACLAU, Ernesto; MOUFFE, Chantal (1985) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, London: Verso.
LIGUORI, Guido (2009) “Common Sense in Gramsci”, Joseph Francese (ed.), Perspectives on Gramsci: Politics, Culture and Social Theory içinde, New York: Routledge, 122-133.
McNALLY, Mark (2009) “Gramsci’s Internationalism, The National-Popular and the Alternative Globalisation Movement”, Mark McNally-John Schwarzmantel (ed.), Gramsci and Global Politics: Hegemony and Resistance içinde, New York: Routledge, 58-75.
MORERA, Esteve (2011) “Gramsci’s Critical Modernity”, Marcus E. Green (ed.), Rethinking Gramsci içinde, New York: Routledge, 238-265.
MORTON, Adam David (2003) “Historicizing Gramsci: Situating Ideas in and Beyond Their Context”, Review of International Political Economy, 10 (1): 118146.
ÖZTÜRK, Armağan (2011) “Özne-Nesne Diyalektiğinde Gramsci Uğrağı: Praxis Felsefesi Nereye Doğru?”, Hilal Onur İnce (ed.), Günümüzde Yeni Siyasal Yaklaşımlar içinde, İstanbul: Doğu-Batı, 255-310
PORTELLI, Hugues (1982) Gramsci ve Tarihsel Blok, çev. Kenan Somer, Ankara: Savaş.
SANBONMATSU, John (2004) Postmodern Prens: Eleştirel Kuram, Sol Strateji ve Yeni Bir Siyasal Öznenin Oluşumu, çev. Emre Ergüven, İstanbul: Bağlam.
SANTOS, Boaventura De Sousa (2006) The Rise of the Global Left: World Social Forum and Beyond, Zed Books.
SASSOON, Anne S. (1980) Gramsci’s Politics, London: Croom Helm.
SASSOON, Anne S. (1986) “The People, Intellectuals, Specialized Knowledge”, boundary 2, 14 (3): 137-168.
SCHWARZMANTEL, John (2009) “Gramsci and the Problem of Political Agency”, Mark McNally-John Schwarzmantel (ed.), Gramsci and Global Politics: Hegemony and Resistance içinde, New York: Routledge: 79-93.
SCOTT, Alan (1990) Ideology and the New Social Movements, London: Routledge.
STARR, Amory (2005) Global Revolt: A Guide to Movements Against Globalization, Zed Books.
STEPHEN, Matthew D. (2009) “Alter-Globalism as Counter-Hegemony: Evaluating the ‘Postmodern Prince’”, Globalizations, 6 (4): 483-498.
TARROW, Sydney; Della PORTA, Donatella (2005) “Conclusion: ‘Globalization’, Complex Internationalism, and Transnational Contention”, Donatella della PortaSydney Tarrow (ed.), Transnational Protest and Global Activism içinde, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 227-245.
THOMAS, Peter D. (2009) The Gramscian Moment: Philosophy, Hegemony and Marxism, Leiden: Brill.
TORMEY, Simon (2006) Yeni Başlayanlar İçin Anti-Kapitalizm, çev. Ümit Aydoğmuş, İstanbul: Everest.
YETİŞ, Mehmet (2002) “Gramsci ve Aydınlar”, Mülkiye, 236, 217-245.