Pax Ottomanica: Millet Sisteminin Felsefi Arkaplanı

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Osmanlı millet sisteminin muhtemel felsefi kaynaklarınaişaret etmektir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak millet sisteminin önemli birbileşeni olan ortak kimlik kavramını gözden geçirerek “Pax Ottomanica”ifadesi ile ne kastedildiğini açıklayacağım. Daha sonra kimlik kavramınınçeşitli kullanımları üzerinde durarak bu çalışmanın kapsamı içerisinde yeralan temel kavramların değişik kullanım biçimlerine değineceğim. Son olarakOsmanlı millet sisteminin İslam felsefesi bağlamındaki muhtemel nazarikaynaklarını ve bunun uygulamadaki bazı tezahürlerini inceleyeceğim.Fârâbî ve İbn Bâcce’nin siyaset felsefesine ilişkin teorilerinin bazı yönleriOsmanlı millet sisteminin âmelî boyutu ile büyük paralellik arz ettiğinden,söz konusu teorilerin millet sistemi için teorik bir arka plan oluşturduğusöylenebilir. Ö? zellikle de millet sisteminin dini kimlikleri korumak amacıylaonları birbirinden belirli ölçüde ayrıştırmayı esas aldığı göz önündebulundurulduğunda, Fârâbî ve İbn Bâcce’nin benzer bir yaklaşımı esas alanerdemli toplum eksenli siyaset felsefesinin bu sistemin teorik arka planını <span style="font-size: 14px;"> p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 8.0px Helvetica} inşa etmek için kullanıldığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Millet Sistemi, pax ottomanica

Pax Ottomanica: Philosophical Background of the Millet System

This study aims to shed light on the philosophical background of the Ottomanmillet system. First, I will review the nature of collective identityto establish a basis for further identity-related discussions and define theterm of “Pax Ottomanica”. Then I will explain diverse and complicated utilizationsof identity to clarify the scope of the key concepts of this article.Finally, I will identify the theoretical sources of Ottoman millet systemwithin Islamic philosophy and show how it affected practical implementation.Since al-Fārābī and Ibn Bajjah political theory has reflected theoreticalapproaches to governance that closely parallel the practical usage ofOttoman millet system I will argue that these approaches can reasonablybe considered inspirational sources and justifications for the millet system.Especially considering that the millet system maintained a policy of theprotection of religious identities through detachment, I conclude that al-Fārābī’s and Ibn Bajjah’s political theories were highly influential in shaping <span style="font-size: 14px;"> p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 8.0px Helvetica} the practical implementation of the millet system.

Keywords:

pax ottomanica, millet system,

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