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TERÖRLE MÜCADELEDE SOSYAL AĞ ANALİZİ TEKNİKLERİNİN KULLANILMASI

9/11 saldırıları sonrası terör örgütleri üzerinde yapılan birçok çalışma, terör örgütlerinin merkezsiz yapılar olarak yapılandığını göstermektedir. Her ne kadar bu örgütlerin hiyerarşik yapılanmaları mevcut olsa da terör eylemlerini, merkezden bağımsız, hücre tipi yapılanmalar gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu hücreler, örgütün ideolojisini takip eden, bu amaçla terör faaliyetlerini hayata geçiren; fakat bunları yaparken merkezden emir alma ihtiyacı duymayan yapılardır. Hiyerarşik yapıları yok etmek için kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler, merkezsiz örgütlerle mücadelede yeterli olmayacaktır. Hücre yapılanması kuvvetli olan bir terör örgütünün lideri etkisiz hale getirilse bile örgüt, eylemlerine devam edebilecektir. Terör hücreleri, birbirleri ile bağlantıya geçebildikleri sürece faaliyetlerini sürdürebilir. Hücre tipi yapılanmalar, toplum içerisinde terörist kimliğini saklayarak, oldukça sıradan görünmeye çalışan terör örgütü mensuplarından oluşmaktadır. Bu tip örgüt üyelerini tespit etmek oldukça zordur. Sosyal ağ analizi yöntemleri ile örtülü örgüt ağı ortaya çıkartılabilir. Örgüt, aktörler arasındaki iletişimin ortadan kaldırılmasıyla faaliyetlerini yapamaz hale getirilebilir. Doğru aktörlerin etkisiz hale getirilmesi, örgütü felç duruma sokacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ağ bilimi, sosyal ağ analizi, terör ağları, terör ağlarının analizi, terörle mücadele.

Use of Social Network Analysis Techniques Fight Against Terrorism

Many studies on terrorist organizations after the 9/11 attacks show that, terrorist organizations are structured as decentralized structures. Although these organizations have hierarchical structures, terrorist acts are carried out by cell-type structures which are independent from the center. These cells follow the organization's ideology and carry out terrorist activities for this ideology, and while doing this, they do not need to take orders from the hierarchical managers. Traditional methods used to destroy hierarchical structures will not be sufficient in the fight against decentralized organizations. Even if the leader of a terrorist organization with a strong cell structure is neutralized, the organization will still be able to continue its actions. Terror cells can continue their activities as long as they can communicate with each other. Cell-type structures consist of members of terrorist organizations who try to appear quite ordinary by hiding their terrorist identity in the society. It is very difficult to identify the members of this type of organization. A covert organization network can be revealed by social network analysis methods. The organization can be rendered incapable of its activities by eliminating the communication between the actors. Neutralizing the right actors will paralyze the organization.

Keywords:

Network science, social network analysis, terrorist networks, terrorist networks analysis, fight against terrorism.,

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