Deneysel Diyabetin Sıçan Karaciğer Dokusunda Oluşturduğu Bazı Değişiklikler Üzerine Acı Badem Yağının Etkisi

Bu çalışma, deneysel diyabet oluşturulan sıçanlarda acı badem yağının karaciğer dokusunda yağ asidi bileşimi, malondialdehit, indirgenmiş glutatyon, total protein, A, D, E ve K vitaminleri, kolesterol ve bazı sterol parametreleri üzerinde etkisinin araştırılması için tasarlandı. Sıçanlar kontrol (K), streptozotosin (STZ) ve streptozotosin+acı badem yağı (STZ+ABY) olmak üzere üç grubu ayrıldı. STZ gruplarına intraperitoneal enjeksiyonla streptozotosin (45 mg/kg) verilerek diyabet oluşturuldu. Acı badem yağı grubundaki sıçanlara haftada iki gün 1ml/kg dozunda intraperitoneal enjeksiyonla acı badem yağı ve ayrıca deney boyunca toz haline getirilmiş 2 gr acı badem çekirdeği, 500 ml içme suyuna eklenerek verildi. Bu uygulamalar 8 hafta boyunca sürdü. Kontrol grubuna göre, STZ grubunun karaciğer dokusunda MDA ve total protein düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde (p

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Vitamin, Deneysel diyabet, Kolesterol, Oksidatif stres, Sterol

The Effect of Bitter Almond Oil on The Some Alterations in Liver Tissue of Experimental Diabetic Rats

The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of bitter almond oil on malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, total protein, fatty acid composition, A, D, E and K vitamins, cholesterol and some sterols parameters in liver tissue of experimental diabetes in rats. The rats were divided into three groups: control (C) streptozotocin (STZ), streptozotocin+bitter almond oil (STZ+BAO) groups. Diabetes induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). 1 ml/kg the dose bitter almond oil was intraperitoneally injected twice in a week to the streptozotocin+bitter almond oil (STZ+BAO), and additionally 2 g/500 ml dose of bitter almond seed powder was added to the drinking water of these rats. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. It was observed that MDA and total protein levels were significantly increased (p<0.001), GSH level was significantly decreased (p<0.001), palmitic, palmitoleic and arachidonic acid (p<0.05) levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001), stearic and linoleic acid levels were significantly increased (p<0.001), α-linolenic and oleic and docosahexaenoic acid levels were not changed, δ-tocopherol and vitamin D2levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001), vitamins K2, vitamin D3 (p<0.05), α-tocopherol, retinol, vitamin K1, cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol levels were significantly increased (p<0.001) in the liver tissue of STZ group when compared to the control group. It was detected that MDA, GSH and total protein levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001), palmitoleic, linoleic, arachidonic (p<0.05) and α-linolenic acid levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001), stearic, oleic and docosahexaenoic acid levels were significantly increased (p<0.001), palmitic level was not changed, Vitamin K2, δ-tocopherol, vitamin D2, α-tocopherol, vitamin K1 (p<0.01), β-sitosterol levels were significantly increased (p<0.001), vitamin D3 level was significantly decreased (p<0.001), retinol, cholesterol and stigmasterol levels were not changed in the liver tissue of STZ+BAO group when compared to the STZ group. It was determined that the applied of bitter almonds oil was limited against the metabolic disorders of GSH, total protein, some fatty acid composition and A, D, E and K vitamins in the liver tissue of experimental diabetic rats

Keywords:

Vitamin, Cholesterol, Experimental Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Sterols,

PDF

___

Akerboom TP, Sies H. (1981). Assay of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and glutathione mixed disulfides in biological samples. Methods Enzymol, 77, 373-82.
Anwar, M, Shousha WG, El-mezayen HA, et al. (2013). Antiatherogenic effect of almond oil in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J App Pharm Sci, 3 (10), 59-65.
Ashokkumar N, Pari L. (2005). Effect of N-benzoyl-D-phenylalanine and metformin on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in neonatal streptozotocin diabetic rats. Clin Chim Acta, 351 (1-2), 105-13.
Banach MS, Dong Q, O'Brien PJ. (2009). Hepatocyte cytotoxicity induced by hydroperoxide (oxidative stress model) or glyoxal (carbonylation model): prevention by bioactive nut extracts or catechins. Chem Biol Interact, 178 (1-3), 324-31.
Biswas A, Chatterjee S, Chowdhury R, et al. (2012). Antidiabetic effect of seeds of Strychnos potatorum Linn. in a streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes. Acta Pol Pharm, 69 (5), 939-943.
Brenner RR. (2003). Hormonal modulation of D6 and D5 desaturases: case of diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 68 (2), 151-62.
Cameron NE, Cotter MA. (1999). Effects of antioxidants on nerve and vascular dysfunction in experimental diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 45 (2-3), 137-46.
Cohen AE, Johnston CS. (2011). Almond ingestion at mealtime reduces postprandial glycemia and chronic ingestion reduces hemoglobin A(1c) in individuals with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism, 60 (9),1312-7.
Demir E, Keser S, Yilmaz Ö. (2013). Protective effects of bitter almond kernel oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue of diabetic rats. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2 (3), 127-134.
Demir E, Yılmaz Ö. (2014). Streptozotosin ile Tip-1 diyabet oluşturulan sıçanlarda acı badem yağının serum ve eritrositlerdeki bazı biyokimyasal parametrelere etkisi. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 18, 13-21.
Dewanjee S, Das AK, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M. (2009). Antidiabetic activity of Diospyros peregrina fruit: effect on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and augmented oxidative stress in experimental type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol, 47 (10), 2679-85.
Douillet C, Chancerelle Y, Cruz C, et al. (1993). High dosage vitamin E effect on oxidative status and serum lipids distribution in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Med Metab Biol, 50 (3), 265-76.
Duncan BD. (1957). Multiple range test for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics, 13, 359-364.
Fatima SS, Rajasekhar MD, Kumar KV, Kumar MT, Babu KR, Rao CA. (2010). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of ethyl acetate: isopropanol (1:1) fraction of Vernonia anthelmintica seeds in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol, 48 (2), 495501.
Gürdal B, Kültür S. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Muğla, Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol, 146 (1),113-26.
Jansen PJ, Lütjohann D, Abildayeva K, et al. (2006). Dietary plant sterols accumulate in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1761 (4), 445-53.
Jia X, Li N, Zhang W, et al. (2006). A pilot study on the effects of almond consumption on DNA damage and oxidative stress in smokers. Nutr Cancer, 54 (2), 179-83.
Jia XY, Zhang QA, Zhang ZQ, et al. (2011). Hepatoprotective effects of almond oil against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. Food Chemistry,125, 673–678.
Keser S, Demir E, Yilmaz Ö. (2014a). Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of the almond kernel (Prunus dulcis mill.) from Turkey. J Chem Soc Pak, 36 (3), 534-541.
Keser S, Demir E, Yilmaz Ö. (2014b). Some bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of the bitter almond kernel (Prunus dulcis var. amara). J Chem Soc Pak, 36 (5), 922-930.
Kim YC, Ntambi JM. (1999). Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes: role in cellular metabolism and preadipocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 266 (1), 1-4.
Krachler B, Norberg M, Eriksson JW, et al. (2008). Fatty acid profile of the erythrocyte membrane preceding development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,18 (7), 503-10.
Kumar S, Narwal S, Kumar D, Singh G, Narwal S, Arya R. (2012). Evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wild leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2 (3), 170-176.
Levant B, Ozias MK, Guilford BL, Wright DE.(2013). Streptozotocininduced diabetes partially attenuates the effects of a high-fat diet on liver and brain fatty acid composition in mice. Lipids, 48 (9), 939-48.
Li SC, Liu YH, Liu JF, Chang WH, Chen CM, Chen CY. (2011). Almond consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism, 60 (4), 474-9.
Liu JF, Liu YH, Chen CM, Chang WH, Chen CY. (2013). The effect of almonds on inflammation and oxidative stress in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial. Eur J Nutr, 52 (3), 927-35.
López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Ríos-Vázquez NJ. (2006). High-performance liquid chromatography method for th simultaneous quantification of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and cholesterol in shrimp waste hydrolysate. J Chromatogr A, 1105 (12),135-9.
López-Uriarte P, Nogués R, Saez G, et al. (2010). Effect of nut consumption on oxidative stress and the endothelial function in metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr, 29 (3), 373-80.
Mandalari G, Bisignano C, Genovese T, et al. (2011a). Natural almond skin reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol,11 (8), 915-24.
Mandalari G, Genovese T, Bisignano C, et al. (2011b). Neuroprotective effects of almond skins in experimental spinal cord injury. Clin Nutr, 30 (2), 221-33.
Miyazaki H, Takitani K, Koh M, Takaya R, Yoden A, Tamai H. (2013). αTocopherol status and expression of α-tocopherol transfer protein in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 59 (1), 64-8.
Nakano M, Onodera A, Saito E, et al. (2008). Effect of astaxanthin in combination with alpha-tocopherol or ascorbic acid against oxidative damage in diabetic ODS rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 54 (4), 32934.
Naresh Kumar R, Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. (2013). Protective role of 20-OH ecdysone on lipid profile and tissue fatty acid changes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 698 (1-3), 489-98.
Nishida S, Kanno T, Nakagawa S. (1998). Diabetes-induced and agerelated changes in fatty acid proportions of plasma lipids in rats. Lipids, 33 (3), 251-9.
Ntambi JM, Miyazaki M. (2004). Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturases and role in metabolism. Prog Lipid Res, 43 (2), 91-104.
Oh WK, Lee CH, Lee MS et al. (2005). Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava. J Ethnopharmacol, 96 (3), 411-5.
Ramkumar KM, Vijayakumar RS, Ponmanickam P, Velayuthaprabhu S, Archunan G, Rajaguru P. (2008). Antihyperlipidaemic effect of Gymnema montanum: a study on lipid profile and fatty acid composition in experimental diabetes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 103 (6), 538-45.
Ros E. (2010). Health benefits of nut consumption. Nutrients, 2 (7), 652-82.
Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P. (2002). High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of alphatocopherol in macroalgae. J Chromatogr A, 976 (1-2), 277-84.
Scoggan KA, Gruber H, Chen Q, et al. (2009). Increased incorporation of dietary plant sterols and cholesterol correlates with decreased expression of hepatic and intestinal Abcg5 and Abcg8 in diabetic BB rats. J Nutr Biochem, 20 (3), 177-86.
Shin CS, Lee MK, Park KS, et al. (1995). Insulin restores fatty acid composition earlier in liver microsomes than erythrocyte membranes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 29 (2), 93-8.
Sunil C, Ignacimuthu S, Kumarappan C. (2012). Hypolipidemic activity of Symplocos cochinchinensis S. Moore leaves in hyperlipidemic rats. J Nat Med, 66 (1), 32-8.
Teotia S, Singh M. (1997). Hypoglycemic effect of Prunus amygdalus seeds in albino rabbits. Indian J Exp Biol, 35 (3), 295-6.
Tuitoek PJ, Ritter SJ, Smith JE, Basu TK. (1996). Streptozotocin-induced diabetes lowers retinol-binding protein and transthyretin concentrations in rats. Br J Nutr, 76 (6), 891-7.
Tuzlacı E. (2005). Bodrum’da Bitkiler ve Yaşam. Güzel Sanatlar Matbaası, İstanbul.
Vasi S, Austin A. (2009). Effect of herbal hypoglycemics on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. The Open Diabetes Journal, 2, 48-52.
World Health Organization/International Diabetes Federation. 1999. The Economics of Diabetes and Diabetes Care. A Report of the Diabetes Health Economics Study Group. WHO: Geneva.
Xiao X, Song BL. (2013). SREBP: a novel therapeutic target. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai), 45 (1), 2-10.