Covid 19 Pandemisinin Psikolojik ve Ekonomik Etkileri

Bu çalışma, Covid 19 pandemisinin psikolojik ve ekonomik etkilerini derleme olarak sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Mart 2019-Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış çalışmaların gözden geçirilmesi ve çalışmalardan elde edilen verilerin sistematik biçimde incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Konuyla ilgili 29 ulusal ve uluslararası yayına ulaşılmış olup, araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun olan 6 yayın çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm yayınlar çalışma yöntemleri ve bulguları açısından sistematize edilerek incelenmiştir. Bu sistematik inceleme sonunda, Covid 19 pandemisi nedeniyle, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde psikolojik durumun ve ekonominin olumsuz etkilediği, bunun en büyük nedeninin karantina süreci nedeniyle yaşanan kısıtlamaların olduğu, en çok etkilenen sektörlerde turizm, endüstri, finans sektörlerinin önde geldiği, ülkelerce tedbirler alınmaya çalışıldığı saptandı. Dünyanın hemen hemen her yerinde Covid’in psikoloji ve ekonomi üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri önemli bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Konuyla ilgili çalışmaların sistematize edilmesi ile sorunun önemi konusunda bilimsel sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçların hem gelecekte yapılacak çalışmaların kapsamlarını belirlemede, hem de ilgili alanda sorunun çözümü için gerekli önlemlerin hazırlanmasında önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Covid 19, Pandemi, Psikoloji, Ekonomi

The Psychological and Economic Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this study is to conduct an overview of the psychologic and economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. It was performed as a review of studies published between March 2019 and August 2021 and as a systematic examination of the data yielded by these. Twenty-nine Turkish and international studies on the subject were accessed, and eight publications meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. All publications were examined via systematization in terms of methods and results. This systematic examination revealed that the psychologic situations and economies of many countries have been adversely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, that the most important reason for this is restrictions experienced as a result of lockdowns, that the worst affected areas are the tourism, industry, and finance sectors, and that countries have endeavored to adopt their own precautionary measures. The adverse psychological and economic impacts of Covid-19 in almost all countries continue to represent a major problem. Significant scientific findings regarding the problem were yielded by systematizing studies on the subject. We think that these findings are important in terms of determining the scope of future studies and the requisite measures for resolving the problem.

Keywords:

Covid-19, Pandemic, Psychology, Economy,

PDF

___

World Health Organization (2020). Considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19, https://www.eryigit.com.tr/wpcontent/uploads/WHO-2019-nCoV Adjusting_PH_measures-Workplaces2020.1-eng.pdf (30.09.2020).
Alon, T. M., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., Tertilt, M. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on Gender Equality, National Bureau of Economic Research-NBER Working Paper Series, no. 26947.
Martini, M., Gazzaniga, V., Bragazzi, N. L., & Barberis, I. (2019). “The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: a Lesson From History 100 Years After 1918”, Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 60(1), E64-E67.
Fernandes, N. (2020), “Economic Effects of Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) on The World Economy”. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id= 3557504, (30.09.2020).
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., ... & Agha, R. (2020). “The Socioeconomic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID19)”, A Review. International Journal of Surgery, 78,185-193.
Asahi, K., Undurraga, E.A., Valdés, R., Wagner, R. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 on the economy: Evidence from an early adopter of localized lockdowns. Journal of Global Health, 11, 05002. https://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.05002
Hao, X., Cheng, S., Wu, D., Wu, T., Lin, X., Wang, C. (2020). Reconstruction of the full transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Wuhan. Nature, 584(7821), 420-424.
Chowdhury, R., Luhar, S., Khan, N., Choudhury, S.R., Matin, I., Franco, O.H. (2020). Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions. European Journal of Epidemiology, 35(8), 743-748.
Baek, C., McCrory, P.B., Messer, T., Mui, P. (2020). Unemployment effects of stay-at-home orders: Evidence from high frequency claims data. The Review of Economics and Statistics. https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00996.
de Souza, W.M., Buss, L.F., Candido, D.S., Carrera, J.P., Li, S., Zarebski, A.E., Pereira R.H.M, Prete, C.A. Jr, de Souza-Santos, A.A., Parag, K.V., Belotti, M.C.T.D., Vincenti-Gonzalez, M.F., …, Faria, N.R. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(8), 856-65.
Case, A., & Deaton, A. (2020). Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism: Princeton University Press.
Padhan, R., Prabheesh, K.P. (2021). The economics of COVID-19 pandemic: A survey. Economic Analysis and Policy, 70, 220-237.
Baldwin, R., & di Mauro, B.W. (2020). Mitigating the COVID economic crisis: Act fast and do whatever it takes. VoxEU. org eBook. IMF (2020) IMF J. A crisis like no other, an uncertain recovery World Economy Outlook Update (2020).
Vidya C.T., Prabheesh K.P. I. (2020). Implications of COVID-19 pandemic on the global trade networks Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 56(10), 2408-2421.
Wang Y., Zhang D., Wang X., Fu Q. (2020). How does COVID-19 affect China’s insurance market? Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 56(10), 2350-2362.
Corbet S., Larkin C., Lucey B. (2020). The contagion effects of the covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from gold and cryptocurrencies Finance Res. Lett. 101554, https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101554
Drehmann, M., Farag, M., Tarashev, N., Tsatsaronis, K. (2020). Buffering Covid-19 losses-the role of prudential policy (no. 9) Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/publ/bisbull09.pdf
Chakraborty, L., Thomas E. (2020). COVID-19 and Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Response. (No.20/302) https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/medialibrary/2020/04/WP_302_2020.pdf
Milani, F. (2021). COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies. Journal of Popular Economy, 34, 223–252. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00792-4.
Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2017) Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 10th Edition, Wolters Kluwer Health, Philadelphia, 784 p.