İREM AŞKAR KARAKIR

6618

Limits of EU Democracy Promotion in the Arab Middle East: The Cases of Egypt and Morocco İrem

Arap Orta Doğusu’nda reform yanlısı gösterilerin patlak vermesi, yalnızca bu gösterilerin arkasında yatan iç dinamiklere ilişkin değil aynı zamanda AB’nin normatif bir dış aktör olarak üstlendiği role ilişkin soruları da beraberinde getirmiştir. AB’nin kendisini uzun zamandır gü- ney komşularına moral bir güç olarak sunmasına karşın, bu sunum ile gerçekte izlediği politikalar arasında çelişki bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Arap ayaklanmaları, sadece bölgedeki mevcut otoriter rejimlerin değil, bununla birlikte AB’nin bölgede izlemekte olduğu politikaların başarı- sızlığını ifade etmiştir. Bu makale, 2000’li yılların başından itibaren, AB demokrasi teşviki politikalarının Mısır ve Fas’taki siyasi liberalleş- me/siyasi liberalleşmenin gerilemesi süreçlerini ne şekilde etkilediğini analiz etmekte ve Arap Baharı’nın Mısır ve Fas’ta nasıl seyrettiğini ve sürecin iki ülkedeki siyasi sonuçlarına dair AB’nin yaklaşımını ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Makalede, bir dış aktör olan AB’nin, Mısır ve Fas gibi Arap ülkelerindeki siyasi liberalleşme süreçlerini etkileme konusunda önemli bir potansiyele sahip olmakla birlikte, demokrasinin reform yanlısı anlamlı bir talebin bulunmadığı yerli konjonktüre empoze edilemeyeceği öne sürülmektedir. Bununla birlikte geçiş süreci yaşamakta olan Arap ülkeleri için Avrupa desteğinin her zaman oldu- ğundan daha kritik olduğu düşünülmektedir. Buna ek olarak, son on yılda AB’nin bölge ülkelerine yönelik demokrasi teşviki politikaları göz önüne alındığında AB’yi gerçek bir normatif güç olarak tanımlamanın güç olduğunun altı çizilmektedir.

Arap Orta Doğusu’nda AB Demokrasi Teşvikinin Sınırları: Mısır ve Fas Örnekleri

The outbreak of pro-reform demonstrations in the Arab Middle East has not only raised questions on the underlying internal dynamics, but also raised questions about EU’s role as an external normative actor. Although the EU has long presented itself as a moral power in its southern neighborhood, there has been an inconsistency between what is being presented by the EU and its actual policies. Thus, eruption of the Arab uprisings has signified not only the failure of authoritarian ruling regimes, but also of the EU policies across the region. This article analyzes how the EU democracy promotion policies have influenced political liberalization/deliberalization in Egypt and Morocco since the early 2000s and elaborates on how the Arab Spring unfolded in Egypt and Morocco and the EU’s response to its political consequences in these two states. It is argued that while an external actor such as the EU has a remarkable potential to influence process of political liberalization in Arab states such as Egypt and Morocco, democracy cannot be imposed from outside in the absence of meaningful pro-reform demand in the domestic context. Still, European support is viewed as more critical than ever for Arab countries undergoing transition. In addition, it underlines the difficulty to define the EU as a genuinely normative power when its democracy promotion policies towards regional states are taken into account in the past decade.
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Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika-Cover
  • ISSN: 1305-5208
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 5 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2018
  • Yayıncı: Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu
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