Intervention Brigade' for the Congo: A Precedent for UN Peace Enforcement?

Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, 1996 yılında başlayan iç silahlı çatış- malardan dolayı ciddi manada zarar görmüştür. Söz konusu çatışmalar sebebiyle Kongo fakirleşmiş ve bir milyonun üzerinde insan yerinden edilmiş, pek çok savunmasız köy silahlı çatışmalara maruz kalmış, kadınlar ve çocuklar kaçırılmış, çocuklar zorla çalıştırılmış ya da çatışmalara katılmış, kadınlar da tecavüze maruz kalmış ve seks işçisi olarak çalıştırılmıştır. Söz konusu çatışmalara Birleşmiş Milletler mü- dahale etmiştir. Birleşmiş Milletlerin işbu müdahalesi, barışı kurma, sağlama, sivilleri ve meşru hükümeti koruma amacı gütmektedir. Söz konusu müdahale, bazı açılardan olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Ancak son zamanlarda gerçekleşen çatışmalar, Doğu Afrikanın barış ve istikrarını olumsuz etkilemiştir. İlgili sorunu çözmek amacıyla, Birleşmiş Milletlerin Kongo Misyonu (MONUC) yeniden yapılandırılmış, Nisan 2013 tarihinde BM Kongo Özel Misyonu (MONUSCO)na dönüştürülmüştür. Söz konusu özel misyonda, Müdahale Birliği kurularak, uzun süren bu yarım yüzyıllık çatışmaları sona erdirmek için görev ve yetkileri genişletilmiştir. Makalede, Birleşmiş Milletlerin barışı kurma, sağ- lama, yürütmeye yönelik bu girişimini, hâlihazırda kaydedilen ilerleme ve gelecekte Kongoda barışı sağlama ihtimali değerlendirilecektir. Nihayetinde Müdahale Birliğinin, Birleşmiş Milletlerin bundan sonraki barış gücü operasyonları bakımından bir emsal teşkil edip etmeyeceği sorusu tartışılacaktır.

Kongoya Müdahele Birliği: BM Barışı Uygulama İçin Bir Emsal Mi?

The Democratic Republic of Congo has been devastated by internal armed conflict which has continued since 1996 till date. This conflict has further impoverished the nation resulting in internal displacement of over a million people, prevalent incidences of armed attacks on defenseless villages and people, abduction of women and children, conscription of children into paramilitary armies, forced labor, widespread epidemics and diseases, loss of lives, systematic rape, and sex slavery. The UN intervened in the form of peace-keeping, peace-making, protection of civilians, and the legitimate government of the country. Recently, the conflict has taken a new worrisome dimension which threatens the peace and stability of the whole Eastern Africa region. In April, 2013 the UN Security Council established an Intervention Brigade, the first of its kind, for Congo within the MONUSCO system with a clear mandate to take certain offensive operations with the aim of neutralizing and disarming the rebels involved in the conflict with an aim to ending the half-a-century-long conflict. While appraising the recent initiatives at peace maintenance, peace building, peace keeping, peace enforcement regarding the crisis, and the prospects for peace in the future for Congo, the article presents an analysis as to whether the establishment of the Intervention Brigade will be a precedent or not.

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