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Çok taraflı mı iki taraflı mı? tercihli ticaret anlaşmalarının uluslararası ticaret sistemiyle ilişkisine dair bir değerlendirme

Günümüz uluslararası ticaret ilişkilerinde önemli bir yer tutan Tercihli Ticaret Anlaşmalarının sayısında yaşanan artış nedeniyle, uluslararası ticaret sistemi bu anlaşmalardan bağımsız düşünülemez olmuştur. TTA'ların en önemli özelliği, taraf ülkeler arasında birtakım ayrıcalıklı ticari ilişkiler kurarken, üçüncü ülkeleri bu ayrıcalıkların dışında bırakmalarıdır. Bu nedenle, TTA'lar DTÖ çerçevesinde düzenlenen çok taraflı ticaret ilişkileri açısından bir tehdit olarak algılanmaktadır. Oysa GATT sisteminin temelini oluşturan En Çok Kayırdan Ulus kaidesine aykırı kabul edilen bu anlaşmaların DTÖ sistemindeki yerlerinin doğru şekilde saptanması, TTA'ların dünya ticaret sistemi açısından bir tehdit oluşturmaktan ziyade, uluslararası ticaretin serbestleşmesini kolaylaştıran, sistemle uyumlu, sistemi tamamlayıcı bir unsur olarak önemli bir işlevi yerine getirdiklerini göstermektedir. Bu yüzden, TTA'ların çok taraflılıkla uyumlu olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap aramak yerine, bakış açısını değiştirip, aslında çok taraflı sistemin bölgeselcilik ve iki taraflılıkla uyumlu bir şekilde işlemesinin zamanının gelip gelmediği sorgulanmalıdır.

Bilateralism or Multilateralism? An Analysis of the Relationship between Preferential Trade Agreements and Multilateral Trade System

Abstract: Due to the spectacular increase in their number, preferential trade agreements which occupy a prominent place in international trade relations became an indispensable part of the world trade system. The main feature of the RTAs is in the granting of preferences between parties, without broadening its application to third countries. For this reason, as an exception to the Most Favoured Nation principle, the RTAs are considered as a threat to the multilateral trading system under the GATT. However, a broader reflection to the place of RTAs in the WTO system shows that these agreements, far from constituting an obstacle to global trade liberalization, fulfil a crucial function of strengthening the multilateral trade system. For this reason more than questioning the compatibility of RTAs with the multilateral logic, one should consider a more harmonious multilateral trading system with economic regionalism.

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