Gübre Uygulamalarının Ayçiçeğinin Kuraklık Toleransına Etkisi

Türkiye’de üretimi en çok yapılan yağlı tohumlu bitki türü ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’dir. Kuraklığa orta derecede dayanıklı bir tür olan ayçiçeğinin Türkiye’de üretimi hem sulu hem de yağışa dayalı koşullarda yapılmaktadır. Yağışa dayalı koşullardaki kuraklık, bu türün tohum ve yağ üretiminde azalmaya neden olmaktadır. Kuraklık toleransını iyileştirmek için farklı yönetim stratejileri önerilmiştir. Bunlardan biri olan kurak koşullarda gübreleme düzeyinin artırılması uygulaması, kuru topraklarda topraktan besin elementi alımının ciddi düzeyde düşmesi durumunda ortaya çıkan besin eksikliğini gidermek ve verimi artırmak için önerilmiştir. İlginç bir şekilde bu duruma ters bir şekilde, ayçiçeği üretiminin sadece yağışa dayalı koşullarda yapıldığı Çukurova’da çiftçilerin, gübre fiyatlarının düşük olduğu yıllarda buğday ekip gübreleme yapması, gübre fiyatlarının yüksek olduğu yıllarda ayçiçeği ekip gübrelemeden kaçınması yaygın bir davranıştır. Bu derlemede, kuraklık stresi altında ayçiçeği gübrelemesi konusunda uluslararası alanda yapılmış çalışmaların detaylı bir incelemesi yapılmış ve Türkiye’deki yağışa dayalı ayçiçeği üretim sahalarında için tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kuraklık, Ayçiçeği, Gübre, Besin Elementi Alımı

Effect of Fertilizer Applications on Drough Tolerance of Sunflower

The most cultivated oilseed crop in Turkey is sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sunflower, which is a moderately resistant crop to drought, is produced both in rainfed and irrigated conditions in Turkey. Drought in rainfed conditions results with a decrease in grain and oil production of this species. Different management strategies have been proposed to improve drought tolerance. One of them is increasing the fertilization level in dry conditions, which has been proposed to eliminate the nutrient deficiency and increase the yield by increasing the nutrient uptake from soil in dry conditions. Interestingly, contrary to this situation, in Çukurova region, where sunflower production is carried out only under rainfall conditions, farmers prefer to crop wheat with fertilizer application when fertilizer prices are low but they shift to crop sunflower without fertilization when fertilizer prices are high. In this review, international studies on sunflower fertilization under drought stress was analysed in detail and recommendations were proposed for rainfed sunflower production zones of Turkey.

Keywords:

Drought, Sunflower, Fertilizer, Nutrient Uptake,

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