KÜRESEL DÜŞÜN YEREL TASARLA: İKLİM KRİZİNE KARŞI KENT VERNAKÜLERİ YAKLAŞIMI

İklim krizi, tüm yönleri ile kuşkusuz günümüzün en önde gelen küresel sorunudur. Bir an önce kritik önlemler alınmaz ise, yakın gelecekte bu gerçeğin oldukça kaotik sonuçları ile yüzleşeceğimiz açıktır. Sıcaklık değerlerinin artışı, deniz seviyelerinin yükselmesi, kirliliğin yaygınlaşması, karbon salınım oranları ve ormansızlaşma gibi etkileri düzenli olarak ölçen raporlar; bu uygunsuz gerçeği görünür kılmaktadır. Ulusal düzeylerde titizlikle yürütülen bina enerji yönetmeliği ve yeşil bina sertifikası uygulamaları ise küresel bir anlayıştan henüz çok uzaktadır. Söz konusu raporlara bakıldığında, problemin başta gelen sorumlularından birinin yapı sektörü olduğu da görünmektedir. Çağdaş yapı malzemelerinin üretim ve taşıması, inşaat aşamaları, kullanım boyunca mekanların iklimlendirilme ve aydınlatması süreçlerinin hemen tamamı sürdürülebilir olmayan yöntemlerle işletilmektedir. Dünya ölçeğinde tek tipleşmiş yapı üretim yöntemi, yerel ihtiyaçları karşılayamadığı gibi yöresel hava koşullarının tümü ile de örtüşmeyerek iklim krizinin büyümesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Öte yandan; yerel malzeme ve teknikle üretilen, yöresel iklim ve kültürle örtüşen vernaküler yapıların dünyanın her noktasındaki varlığı ve tüm yapı stoğundaki yoğunluğu inkar edilemeyecek şekilde ortadadır. Bu çalışmanın önerdiği yönteme göre; vernaküler yapıların sürdürülebilir yöntemleri saptanmalı ve hızla formel mimariye uyarlanmalıdır. Yerel düzeyde yürütülecek çalışmalar küresel ölçekte denetlenmeli ve raporlanmalıdır. Böylece, sürdürülebilir yeni yerel yapım yönetmelikleri türetilmelidir. Ancak bu çalışmanın tariflediği gibi bir yaklaşımla, iklim krizinde mimarlığın payını azaltmak amaçlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

iklim krizi, iklimle dengeli tasarım, vernaküler mimarlık, sürdürülebilir mimari, sürdürülebilirlik

THINK GLOBALLY DESIGN LOCALLY: URBAN VERNACULAR APPROACH FOR CLIMATE CRISIS

Climate crisis is the biggest global threat of current era. If the necessary critical actions are not taken now, it is obvious that we are going to face the chaotic results in near future. Reports figuring out warming increase, sea level rise, pollution growth, carbon emission, and deforestation, put forward this inconvenient truth. National building energy codes and green building certificate programs seem far from a global approach. Mentioned reports also show that the building sector is the main contributor of the climate crisis. Production and transportation of modern materials, construction, space climatization and lighting processes are all operated via unsustainable methods. Globally homogenized building attitude does not meet local needs and by mismatching the local conditions it also promotes the climate crisis. On the other hand, the vernacular architecture, adapted the regional climate and culture with local materials and techniques, exist all over the world and holds the greater percentage of the global building stock. According to the method this study explains, the sustainable aspects of vernacular architecture must rapidly be transferred to formal architecture. Studies on various local levels must be controlled and reported by global authorities. Thus, new sustainable local building codes must be produced. Only by using a similar method with the one this study explains, the contribution of architecture to climate crisis can be reduced.

Keywords:

iklim krizi, iklimle dengeli tasarım, vernaküler mimarlık, sürdürülebilir mimari, sürdürülebilirlik,

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