Klasik bitki ıslahı ve genetik mühendisliği ile oluşturulan değişimlere genel bakış

Bitki ıslahı insanlar tarafından binlerce yıl önce başlatılmıştır. Tarım öncesi dönemde insanlar tohumları yılın belli bir zamanında toprağa bırakmayı öğrenmişler; bu ise bitkilerin kültüre alınmasında başlangıca ve bitkilerin ilk olarak üretilmelerine yol açmıştır. Kültür bitkileri, farklı genetik kaynaklardaki doğal varyasyonun kullanılmasıyla ve klasik ıslah yöntemleri (seleksiyon, mutasyon, melezleme...)’nden yararlanarak geliştirilmiştir. Genlerin doğal yoldan aktarımında seleksiyon ya da genetik mühendisliği gibi birçok genetik teknikler alternatif olabilirler. Pestisite dayanıklı (Bt) ürünlerinin geliştirilmesi, virüs kılıf proteinleri yardımıyla virütik hastalıklara karşı dayanıklılığı sağlayan genlerin kazandırılması, kültür bitkilerinin besin madde düzeyinin artan yönde hızlandırılması transgenik teknolojinin başarılarından bazılarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

doğal gıdalar, genetik mühendisliği, bitki ıslahı

General outlook of variations induced by conventional plant breeding and genetic engineering

Plant improvement by man began many thousand of years ago. Pre-agricultural man learned that seeds put into the ground at a certain time of the year. This was the beginning of domestication of plants and led to the production of the first crops. Crop plants have been improved with traditional plant breeding methods (selection, mutation etc.) utilizing natural variation within different genetic resources. The natural transfer of genes can be altered using many genetic techniques such as selection or genetic engineering. The development of pest-resistant (Bt) crops, introduction of virus coat protein-mediated resistance to viral diseases, and enhancing nutritional level crop plants are some of the accomplishments of transgenic technology.

Keywords:

natural foods, genetic engineering, plant breeding,

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