Biber tohumlarının fizyolojik olarak iyileştirilmesi için su ve tuz çözeltileri ile yapılan priming ve kurutma uygulamalarının karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmada, tohumların fizyolojik olarak iyileştirilmesinde kullanılan hidrasyon uygulamalarından su ve tuz çözeltileri ile priming ve sonrasında yapılan kurutma uygulamalarının biber (Capsicum annuum) tohumlarında canlılık ve güç üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Yalova Çarliston çeşidi biber tohumları sürekli olarak havalandırılan saf su ve farklı tuz çözeltilerinde [100 ve 200 mM KN$O _3$ ile 50 ve 100 mM Ca(N$O _3) _2$] 20°C’de 24 saat tutulmuşlardır. Farklı priming uygulamalarını takiben tohumlar iki gruba ayrılmış; birinci grup hemen, ikinci grup ise 25°C’de yaklaşık 24 saat orijinal nem kapsamına kadar kurutulduktan sonra çimlendirme testlerine alınmışlardır. Biber tohumlarının priming ve kurutma uygulamalarına olan tepkileri, normal çimlenme oranı ve çimlenme indisi parametreleri bazında incelenmiştir. Su ve çeşitli tuz çözeltileri ile yapılan tüm priming uygulamalarının yanı sıra, hem kurutmasız hem de kurutmalı koşullarda tutulan biber tohumlarının normal çimlenme yüzdesi ve çimlenme indisi kontrol tohumlarına kıyasla artış göstermiştir. KN$O _3$ ile yapılan priming uygulamalarında çözeltinin konsantrasyonu arttıkça kurutma uygulamasının tohum canlılığı ve gücünde azalmaya neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, Ca(N$O _3) _2$ ile yapılan priming uygulamalarında ise kurutma uygulamaları sonrasında canlılık ve güçte artış meydana gelmiştir. Canlılık ve güç parametreleri bakımından en iyi sonuçlar; 100 mM KN$O _3$ ile priming ve priming+kurutma uygulamalarının yanı sıra 100 mM Ca(N$O _3) _2$ ile priming+kurutma uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

tohum özellikleri, tohum üretimi, tohum verimi, bitki fizyolojisi, tohum çimlenmesi, tohum kalitesi, Capsicum annuum, kurutma yöntemleri

A comparison of hydro and halopriming with dehydration treatments for physiological enhancement of pepper seeds

The effects of hydro and halopriming, which are hydration treatments and are used for physiological enhancement of seeds, and also subsequent dehydration treatments on viability and vigour of pepper (Capsicum annuum) seeds cv. Yalova Çarliston were investigated. Pepper seeds were primed for 24 hours at 20°C in aerated distilled water and different salt solutions [100 and 200 mM KN$O _3$; 50 and 100 mM Ca(N$O _3) _2$]. Following each priming treatment, seeds were divided into two groups. First group was taken to germination test immediately while the second group was dehydrated for 24 hours at 25°C to the original seed moisture content before the germination test was set up. The response of pepper seeds to priming with or without subsequent dehydration was observed on the bases of normal germination rate and germination index parameters. Beside hydro and halopriming treatments, both with and without dehydration conditions caused increases in normal germination percentage and germination index of pepper seeds compared with the control. The results suggested that in the KN$O _3$ primed seeds, the increase in salt concentration caused a decrease in seed viability as well as in vigour, in the case of subsequent dehydration treatment. However, in the Ca(N$O _3) _2$ primed seeds, viability and vigour increased following a dehydration treatment. In terms of viability and vigour parameters, the best results were obtained from both with and without dehydration treatments following priming with 100 mM KN$O _3$ and also from deyhdration treatment following priming with 100 mM Ca(N$O _3) _2$.

Keywords:

seed characteristics, seed production, seed yield, plant physiology, seed germination, seed quality, Capsicum annuum, drying methods,

PDF

___

Alvarado, A.D., K.J. Bradford and J.D. Hewitt. 1987. Osmotic priming of tomato seeds. effects on germination, field emergence, seedling growth and fruit yield. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112: 427-232.
Amjad, M., Z. Khurram, I. Qumer, A. Iftikhar, M. A. Riaz and Z. A. Saqib. 2007. Effect of seed priming on seed vigour and salt tolerance in hot pepper. Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 44(3): 408-414.
Ashraf, M. and M.R. Foolad. 2005. Pre sowing seed treatment - a shotgun approach to ımprove germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non saline conditions. Adv. Agron. 88: 223-271.
Ashraf, M. and A. Iram. 2002. Optimization and influence of seed priming with salts of potassium or calcium in two spring wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance at the initial growth stages. Agrochimica. 46: 47–55.
Bonilla, P., T. Hirai, H. Naito and M. Tsuchiya. 1995. Physiological-response to salinity in rice plant & induced salt-tolerance by low NaCl pretreatment. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 64: 266–272.
Caines, A.M. and C. Shennan. 1999. Interactive effects of Ca+2 and NaCl salinity on the growth of two tomato genotypes differing in Ca+2 use efficiency. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 37(7-8): 569-576.
Cayuela, E., M.T. Estañ, M. Parra, M. Caro and M. C. Bolarin. 2001. NaCl pre-treatment at the seedling stage enhances fruit yield of tomato plants irrigated with salt water. Plant Soil. 230: 231-238.
Chang Zheng, H., H.Jin, Z. Zhi Yu, R. Song Lin and S. Wen Jian. 2002. Effect of seed priming with mixed salt solution on germination and physiological characteristics of seedling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under stress conditions. J. Zhejiang Univ. (Agric. Life Sci.) 28: 175–178.
Colmer, T.D., T.W.M. Fan, R.M. Higashi and A. Lauchli. 1996. Interactive effects of Ca+2 and NaCl salinity on the ionic relations and proline accumulation in the primary root tip of Sorghum bicolor. Physiol. Plant. 97(3): 421-424.
Cuartero, J. and R. Fernandez-Munoz. 1999. Tomato and salinity. Sci. Hortic. 78: 83-125.
Çay, S. 2005. Biberlerde (Capsicum annuum L.) NaCl ile Yapılan Ozmotik Koşullandırma Uygulamalarının Tuza Tolerans Üzerine Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Bursa. 70 s.
Demir, İ. and K. Mavi. 2004. The effect of priming on seedling emergence of differentially matured watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) Seeds. Sci. Hortic. 102: 467-473.
Demir, İ. and C. Öztokat. 2003. Effect of salt priming on germination and seedling growth at low temperatures in watermelon seeds during development. Seed Sci. Technol. 31: 765–770.
Demir, İ. and H. A. Van De Venter. 1999. The effect of priming treatments on the performance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds under temperature and osmotic stress. Seed Sci. Technol. 27: 871-875.
Demir, İ., S. Ermiş and G. Okçu. 2005. Effect of dehydration temperature and relative humidity after priming on quality of pepper seeds. Seed Sci. Technol. 33(3): 563-569.
Demirkaya, M. 2006. Polietilenglikol ile Ozmotik Koşullandırma ve Hümidifikasyon Uygulamalarının Biber Tohumlarının Çimlenme Hızı ve Oranı Üzerine Etkileri. Erciyes Üniv. Fen Bil. Enst. Der. 22(1-2): 223-228.
Devlin, R. M. 1975. Plant Physiology. Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. London. p.355- 359.
Duman, İ., B. Eser ve M. Tozan. 2007. Soğan tohumlarında ozmotik koşullandırma amacı ile kullanılan havalandırılmiş kolon tekniğinin ticari boyutlarda geliştirilmesi. Ege Üniv. Zir. Fak. Der. 44 (1): 1-14.
Guzman, M. and J. Olave. 2006. Response of growth and biomass production of primed melon seed (Cucumis melo L.) to germination salinity level and N-forms in nursery. J. Food Agric. Environ. 4:163-165.
ISTA, 2007. International Rules for Seed Testing. Edition 2007. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Kattimani, K. N., Y. N. Reddy and B. R. Rao. 1999. Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on germination, seedling emergence, seedling vigour and root yield of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Daunal.). Seed Sci. Technol. 27: 483-488.
Korkmaz, A. 2006. Ameliorative effects of ethylene precursor and polyamines on the high temperature ınhibition of germination in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) before and after seed storage. Seed Sci. Technol. 34: 465-474.
Lanteri, S., E. Nada, P. Belletti, L. Quagliotti and R.J. Bino. 1996. Effects of controlled deterioration and osmoconditioning on germination and nuclear replication in seeds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L). Ann. Bot. 77(6): 591-597.
Nascimento, W.M. and S. H. West. 2000. Drying during muskmelon seed priming and its effects on seed germination and deterioration. Seed Sci. Technol. 28: 211-215.
Olouch, M. O. and G. E. Welbaum. 1996. Effect of postharvest washing and post- storage priming on viability and vigour of 6-year old muskmelon seeds from eight stages of development. Seed Sci. Technol. 24:195-209.
Pandita, V. K., A. Anand and S. Nagarajan. 2007. Enhancement of seed germination in hot pepper following presowing treatments. Seed Sci. Technol. 35(2): 282-290.
Parera, C.A. and D.J. Cantliffe. 1994. Dehydration rate after solid - matrix priming alters seed performance of shrunken-2 corn. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119(3): 629-635.
Parida, A.K. and A.B. Das. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: A review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 60(3): 324-349.
Passam, H.C. and D. Kakouriotis. 1994. The effects of osmoconditioning on the germination, emergence and early plant growth of cucumber under saline conditions. Sci. Hortic. 57: 233-240.
Penaloza, A.P.S. and M.T.S. Eira. 1993. Hydration - dehydration treatments on tomato seeds (Lycopersıcon esculentum Mill). Seed Sci. Technol. 21(2): 309-316.
Pill, W.G., J.J. Frett and D.C. Morneau. 1991. Germination and seedling emergence of primed tomato and asparagus seeds under adverse conditions. HortScience. 26: 1160– 1162.
Rao, N. K., E. H. Roberts and R. H. Ellis. 1987. The influence of pre and post storage hydration treatments on chromosomal aberrations, seedling abnormalities and viability of lettuce seeds. Ann. Bot. 60: 97-108.
Rubio, F., P. Flores, J. M. Navarro and V. Martinez. 2003. Effects of Ca2+, K+ and cGMP on Na+ uptake in pepper plants. Plant Sci. 165: 1043-1049.
Singh, B.G. and G. Rao. 1993. Effect of chemical soaking of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed on vigour index. Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 63:232-233.
Sivritepe, H.Ö. 1992. Genetic Deterioration and Repair in Pea Seeds During Storage. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Bath, England, 227 p.
Sivritepe, H.Ö. 1999. Sebze tohumlarında kalite ve performansın arttırılmasi üzerine ozmotik koşullandırmanın etkileri. Türkiye 3. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 14-17 Eylül 1999, Ankara, s. 525-529.
Sivritepe, H.Ö. and M. Demirkaya. 2002. The effect of post-storage hydration treatments on viability of onion seeds. Acta Hort. 579: 215-219.
Sivritepe, H.Ö. and A.M. Dourado. 1995. The effect of priming treatments on the viability and accumulation of chromosomal damage in aged pea seeds. Ann. Bot. 75 (2): 165- 171.
Sivritepe, H.Ö. and A. Eriş. 2000. The effect of post-storage hydration treatments on viability and repair of genetic damage in pea seeds. Acta Hort. 517: 143-149.
Sivritepe, H.Ö., N. Sivritepe and A. Eriş. 1999. The effect of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings. Acta Hort. 492: 77-84.
Sivritepe, H.Ö., N. Sivritepe, A. Eriş, E. Turhan. 2005. The effects of NaCl pre-treatments on salt tolerance of melons grown under long-term salinity. Sci. Hortic. 106: 568-581.
Sivritepe, N. and H.Ö. Sivritepe. 2008. Organic priming with seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) affects viability of pepper seeds. Asian J. Chem. 20(7): 5689- 5694.
Sivritepe, N., H.Ö. Sivritepe and A. Eris. 2003. The effect of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings grown under saline conditions. Sci. Hortic. 97: 229-237.
Thanos, C.A., K. Georghiou and H.C. Passam. 1989. Osmoconditioning and ageing of pepper seeds during storage. Ann. Bot. 63: 65-69.