Antik kaynaklara göre bıthynıa’daki cıvıtas’lar

Antikçağda Anadolu’nun kuzeybatısı Bithynia olarak adlandırılmaktaydı. Kuzeyinde Pontus Euxenius, batısında Hellespontus ve Rhyndakos (=Kocaçay), güneyinde ise Sangarios (=Sakarya) nehirleri bölgenin sınırlarını belirliyordu. Doğu sınırının tam olarak nerede sona erdiğini söylemek oldukça zordur. Antik kaynaklar Bithynia’daki civitas’lar hakkında farklı bilgiler vermektedirler. Yaşlı Plinius Historia Naturalis adlı eserinde Bithynia’da 12 tane civitas olduğunu belirtmekte ve bunları batıdan doğuya doğru şu şekilde sıralamaktadır: Caesarea- Germanice, Apamea, Prusa, Prusias ad Mare, Nikaia, Nikomedia, Prusias ad Hypius, Iuliopolis, Bithynium-Claudiopolis (=Bolu), Creteia-Flaviopolis, Khalkedon ve Byzantium. Eyaletin başkenti Nikomedia idi. Khalkedon ve Byzantium civitas libera (hür ve özgür) statüsündeki kentlerdi. Amasyalı ünlü coğrafyacı Strabon’un eserinde ise Cretia-Flaviopolis, Prusias, Iuliopolis ve Caesarea-Germanice gibi Bithynia civitas’larının isimleri geçmez.

The civitates in bithynia according to the ancient sources

North western Anatolia was known as Bithynia in antiquity. At the North Pontus Euxenius, at the west Hellespontus and Rhyndacus (=Kocaçay), on the south Sangarios (=Sakarya) river determine the borders of the region. It is difficult to say exactly where the Eastern boundary is ended. The ancient sources are to give different information about the civitates of Bithynia. In his Historia Naturalis the Elder Pliny also stated that there were 12 civitates in Bithynia as follows: Caesarea- Germanice, Apamea, Prusa, Prusias ad Mare, Nicaea, Nikomedia, Prusias ad Hypium, Iuliopolis, Bithynium-Claudiopolis, Creteia-Flaviopolis, Chalcedon and Byzantium. Nicomedeia was the capital of the province. Chalcedon and Byzantium were in the status of free cities. The famous geographer Strabo of Amaseia never mention the names of Cretia-Flaviopolis, Prusias, Iuliopolis ve Caesarea- Germanice cities in his Geopraphika.

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