İnsanlar Bencil mi? Davranışsal İktisat Oyunlarından Hareketle Osmanlı’da Vâkıfların Yoksulluğu Azaltan Alturistik Davranışları

İnsanların var oldukları ilk günden beri aldıkları kararlarda sadece kendi faydalarını gözetmedikleri empati kurarak diğer insanları da düşündükleri bilinmektedir. Bu tarz olumlu sosyal davranışlar alturizm, empati ve başkalarını sevmek olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Alturizm olarak da kavramsallaştırılan ödül veya karşılık beklemeden sergilenen ve kişinin bir bedel ödeyebileceği alturistik davranış, diğerinin faydasını öncelemektedir. Ana akım iktisat bireylerin kendi çıkarlarını maksimize etmesinden bahsetmesine rağmen, çıkar gözetmeden diğerinin refahını arttıracak her türlü davranış da özünde iktisadi bir eylemdir. Çalışmanın amacı Osmanlı vakıf kurucularının başkalarının çıkarını gözeten veya bencil olmayan davranışlarını davranışsal iktisat oyunları ve kavramlarından yola çıkarak alturistik özellikler açısından araştırmaktır. Sonuç olarak, ültimatom, diktatör, güven ve kamu malı oyunlarında ortaya çıkan empatiye bağlı alturistik davranışın vakıf kurucularının alturistik davranışlarıyla aynı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Are People Selfish? Based on the Behavioral Economics Games, the Altruistic Behaviors of Waqf Founder the Ottoman Empire to Reduce Poverty

It is known that people do not merely consider their interests but also have been thinking about other peoplewith empathy in making decisions since the very first day of their existence. This type of positive socialbehavior is considered as altruism, empathy and love toward others. Altruistic behaviors, exhibited withoutexpecting a reward or something in return, prioritize the benefit of the others. Although mainstreameconomics mentions individuals maximizing their own interests, any behavior that will increase the welfareof the other regardless of interest is essentially an economic action. The aim of the study is to investigatethe behaviors of Ottoman waqf founders in favor of others or non-selfish behaviors in terms of altruisticfeatures based on behavioral economics games and concepts. After all, it was determined that empathyinduced altruistic behavior that emerged in the ultimatum, dictator, trust and public good games, were thesame as the waqf founders’ altruistic behaviors.

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