Hegemonya Mücadelesinde ABD-Çin Teknoloji Savaşı: Yarı İletkenler Sektörü

Çalışmada ABD’nin gerileyişi karşısında Çin’in yükselişinin ABD açısından hegemonik bir tehdit olarak algılanmaya başlanması ve aralarında başlayan hegemonya mücadelesinde yarı iletkenler teknolojisine hakimiyetin kilit önem kazandığı ele alınmaktadır. Pek çok sektör gibi yarı iletkenler üretimi de küresel değer zincirleri biçiminde örgütlenmiştir. En yüksek katma değerli aşamalardan olan çip tasarımı ABD’de, en düşük katma değerli aşama olan montaj, test ve paketleme ise Çin’de yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çin, yarı iletkenler alanındaki yüksek ithal bağımlılığını ekonomik yükselişindeki en büyük risklerden biri olarak görmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Çin’in 2015’te yarı iletkenler alanında kendine yeterli olma hedefini açıklaması hem uluslararası iş bölümündeki bugünkü konumunu değiştirmek arzusunu hem de geleceğin teknolojilerinde söz sahibi olmak kararlılığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum karşısında ABD ise, Çin’in teknolojik atılımını engellemek, 4. Sanayi Devrimi’ne hâkim olmak ve hegemonyasını yeniden kurmak mücadelesine girmiştir.

USA-China Technology War in Hegemony Struggle: Semiconductors

While its hegemonic power is eradicating, U.S.A perceives China’s rise as a major threat. Because of the essential role semiconductors playing in todays and future industries, controlling semiconductors technology is of key importance in hegemony struggle between both countries. Like in many other sectors, production of semiconductors has been organized as global value chains. Chip design as the production phase with the highest value added has been concentrated in U.S.A while assembly, test, and packaging as the phase with the lowest value added in China. China has realized that its high degree of import dependance in semiconductors might be one of the biggest risks in front of its further economic rise and started to pursue plans for technological development. In that respect, in 2015 China declared Made in China 2025 with eager goals set to gain self-sufficiency in semiconductors. It showed the ambition for changing its position in international division of labor and for controlling future technologies with that. In face of this situation, U.S.A started trying to hinder Chinese technological progress, to command fourth industrial revolution and built its hegemony again.

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