İSKOÇ VE KAZAK TOPONIM EFSANELERININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ÇALIŞMASI

Bu çalışma, İskoçya ve Kazakistan'ın yer adlarını karşılaştırdı ve kelime yapılarını analiz ederek ve bu belirli yer adlarıyla ilişkili toponimik efsanelere bakarak etimolojilerini araştırdı. Bu çalışmalar 42 yer adını (20 İskoç ve 22 Kazak) içermektedir. Halk bilimi, dilbilim, tarih ve kültürel antropolojiden bir dizi teori ve metodoloji kullanan makale, efsanelerde bulunan ortak temaları, motifleri ve anlatı yapılarını tanımlar. Analiz, kahramanlık, cesaret ve özverilik, hafıza, tarih ve gelenek, tabu, atalara ve inançlara saygı ve fedakarlık fikri dahil olmak üzere hem İskoç hem de Kazak toponimik efsanelerinde ortaya çıkan birkaç temayı ortaya koyuyor. Folklordaki motiflerin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, kültürler arasındaki benzerliklerin ve farklılıkların anlaşılmasına yardımcı olur. İskoçya ve Kazakistan'daki toponimik efsanelerin anlatı yapıları, farklı kültürlerin ve dillerin etkisini vurgulayarak kısa ve çekici olma eğilimindedir. Genel olarak makale, bu efsanelerin ortaya çıktığı toplumlar ve kültürlerin yanı sıra bu hikayelerin zaman içinde nasıl aktarıldığı ve korunduğu hakkında gözlemler sunmakta ve İskoçya ile Kazakistan arasında tarihsel bir bağlantı önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

toponimi, efsaneler, İskoçya, Kazakistan, folklore, yer isimleri

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCOTTISH AND KAZAKH TOPONYMIC LEGENDS

This study compared place names of Scotland and Kazakhstan, and explored their etymology by means of analyzing their word structure, and by considering toponymic legends related to these particular toponyms. The data of the study are 42 place names (20 Scottish, and 22 Kazakh place names). Using a range of theories and methodologies from folklore studies, linguistics, history, and cultural anthropology, the article identifies common themes, motifs, and narrative structures present in the legends. The analysis reveals several themes that appear in both Scottish and Kazakh toponymic legends, including heroism, bravery and selflessness, remembrance, history and tradition, taboo, respect for ancestors and beliefs, and the idea of sacrifice. Comparative study of motifs in folklore helps understand the similarities and differences between cultures. The narrative structures of toponymic legends in Scotland and Kazakhstan tend to be short and exciting, highlighting the influence of various cultures and languages. Overall, the article provides observations into the societies and cultures in which these legends originated, as well as the ways in which these stories were passed down and preserved over time, and suggests a historical connection between Scotland and Kazakhstan.

Keywords:

toponymy, legends, Scotland, Kazakhstan, folklore, place names,

PDF

___

Abdurashidova, K.A. (2022). The comparison of two legends “Amir Temur and king Arthur” in the Uzbek and English literature. Экономика и социум, (10-1 (101)), 15-23.
Alderman, D. H. (2022). Commemorative place naming: To name place, to claim the past, to repair futures. The Politics of Place Naming: Naming the World, 29.
Baldick, C. (2008). The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. Oxford University Press, 361 p.
Bord, J., & Bord, C. (1995). The Enchanted Land: Myths and legends of Britain's landscape. Thorsons, 170 p.
Brummett, B. (2018). Techniques of close reading. Sage Publications, 152 p.
Campbell, J. (2008). The hero with a thousand faces (Vol. 17). New World Library, 418 p.
Caulfield, J. (2023, June 22). Textual Analysis | Guide, 3 Approaches & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 13, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/textual-analysis/
Definition of legend. (2023). In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legend
Fergusson, A. (1886). The Laird of Lag: A Life-sketch. D. Douglas, 271 p.
Forrester, K. (2016). Celtic Tales: Fairy Tales and Stories of Enchantment from Ireland, Scotland, Brittany, and Wales. Chronicle Books, 176 p.
Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Harte, J. (2019). Names and tales: On folklore and place names. Folklore, 130(4), 373-394.
Jennifer, W., & Sophia, K. (2009). The Lore of Scotland: A Guide to Scottish Legends. Random House Books, 576 p. ISBN 9781409061717
Kostanski, L. (2009). What’s in a name: Attachment and dependence in placename-based identity. Unpublished PhD, University of Ballarat, Australia.
MacInnes, Allan (1986). "Repression and Conciliation: The Highland Dimension 1660–1688". The Scottish Historical Review, 65 (180): 167–195.
Maslow, A. (1962). Toward a psychology of being. D Van Nostrand. https://doi.org/10.1037/10793-000 Mills, D. A dictionary of British place-names. - Oxford university press, 2003. – P. 1184.
Nazarova, G.P. (2019). Women mythological characters in British and Uzbek literature. Экономика и социум, (2 (57)), 14-17.
Nicolaisen, W. F. H. (1976). Place-name legends: An onomastic mythology. Folklore, 87(2), 146-159.
Propp, V. I. (1968). Morphology of the Folktale (2nd ed., Vol. 9). Austin: University of Texas Press.
Tent, J. (2019). Placename dictionaries and dictionaries of places: an Australian perspective. (ANPS Occasional Paper; No. 5).
The Gazetteer for Scotland. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scottish-places.info/ Williams, M. (1963). Folklore and Placenames. Folklore, 74(2), 361-376.
Atameken sıqyrly eliniń ańyzdary - Legendy volshebnoı strany Atameken. (2020). Qurast. O. Gýmırova; aýd.: B. Koıshıbaev (kaz. ıaz.), K. Bobrovskaıa (angl. ıaz.). Shymkent: ShugyIakitap, 200 b.
Afanas'ev, O. E., & Trocenko, A. V. (2014). Kategorija «legenda» v regional'nom toponimicheskom prostranstve (na primere Dnepropetrovskoj oblasti Ukrainy). Pskovskij regionologicheskij zhurnal, (17), 67-77.
Babalar sózi: Júztomdyq. (2011). T. 80: Toponımdik ańyzdar. Astana: Folıant, 416 b.
Borıbaeva, G.A., Madıeva, G.B. (2015). Toponımdik ańyzdar: halyqtyq etımologıa máselesi. Kókshetaý: Sh. Ýálıhanov atyndaǵy Kókshetaý memlekettik ýnıversıtetiniń habarshysy. Fılologıa serıasy, №4, 37-42 bb.
Zhanajdarov O. (2007). Legendy drevnego Kazahstana (Detskaja jenciklopedija Kazahstana). Almaty: Aruna, 248 s.
Januzaq T. (2008). Qazaq onomastıkasy. Pavlodar: S. Toraıǵyrov atyndaǵy Pavlodar memlekettik ýnıversıteti, 240 b.
Jer-sý ataýlarynyń anyqtamalyǵy. (2009). Almaty: "Arys" baspasy, 568 b.
Zhuchkevich, V. A. (1968). Obshhaja toponimika. Minsk: Vyshejsha shkola, 432 s.
Kravcov, N. I., & Lazutin, S. G. (1983). Toponimicheskie predanija. Legendy. Russkoe ustnoe narodnoe tvorchestvo. NI Kravcov, SG Lazutin. –M.: Vysshaja shkola, s.124-125.
Qasqabasov, S. (1984). Qazaqtyń halyq prozasy. Almaty: Ǵylym, 272 b.
Mergaliev, D. M. (2007). Fol'klorno-mifologicheskoe nasledie kazahskogo naroda. Izvestija Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, (4-3), 129-131.
Murzaev, Je. M. (1964). Osnovnye napravlenija toponimicheskih issledovanij. Principy toponimiki: sbornik nauchnyh trudov. M.: Nauka, 23-34 pp.
Pospelov E. M. (1988). Turistu o geograficheskih nazvanijah. M.: Profizdat, 192 s.
Taspolatov B.T. (2010). Qazyǵurt óńiri toponımıasynyń etnolıngıvstıkalyq sıpaty. [Fılologıa ǵylymdaryna dısertasıa]. Almaty, 148 b.
Chernjahovskaja, E. M. (1970). Istorija razrabotki toponimicheskih klassifikacij. Razvitie metodov toponimicheskih issledovanii, s. 55-65.
Chatman, S. B. (1978). Story and discourse: Narrative structure in fiction and film. Cornell university press.
Carruthers, G., & McIlvanney, L. (Eds.). (2012). The Cambridge companion to Scottish literature. Cambridge University Press.