Işık ve Sıcaklığın Bağcılıktaki Yeri ve Önemi

Asmanın gelişimi üzerine etkili iklim faktörlerinin başında ışık ve sıcaklık gelmektedir. Işık ve sıcaklık asmada fotosentez, solunum, asimilasyon, transpirasyon, renk pigmentlerinin oluşumu, gölgelenme, tane tutumu, asitlik, verimlilik, çiçeklenme, suda çözünebilir kuru madde birikimi, sürgün gelişimi ve olgunluk üzerine doğrudan etki etmektedir. Sıcaklık bir bölgede ekonomik anlamda bağcılık yapılıp yapılamayacağını belirleyen en önemli parametrelerden biridir. Sıcaklık; asmada gözlerin uyanması, çiçeklenme, tane tutumu, renklenme, fotosentez, solunum, tanede şeker birikimi ve olgunlaşma gibi birçok fizyolojik olayı yönetmektedir. Işık, fotosentez başta olmak üzere pek çok fizyolojik ve kimyasal olayların gerçekleşmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Özellikle asmanın maksimum düzeyde fotosentez yapabilmesi için vejetasyon döneminde yeterli bir güneşlenme şarttır. Işık, karbondioksit (CO2) ve öteki etmenler sınırlayıcı olmamak şartıyla fotosentezi bir noktaya kadar arttırmaktadır. Işık miktarının azlığı kadar yüksekliği de, bitkinin gelişimi üzerine olumsuz etkide bulunabilmektedir. Düşük ışık sürgünlerde cılız gelişmeye neden olurken, yüksek ışık yoğunluğu klorofil yıkımı sonucu fotosentezi engellemektedir. Bağlarda en üst düzeyde güneşlenmeyi sağlayabilmek için uygun terbiye sistemi seçimine ve sürgün sıklığının ayarlanmasına dikkat edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Işık, sıcaklık, asma, büyüme, gelişme, fotosentez

The light and temperature come at the beginning of the climatic factors that have an impact on the development of grapevine. Light and temperature have a direct impact on photosynthesis, respiration, assimilation, transpration, formation of color pigments, shading, berry set, acidity, productivity, shoot growth, blooming, soluble solid accummulation and maturation on the grapevine. Temperature is one of the most important parameters that determines whether viticulture can be made or not in an ecology. Temperature is driving several physiological processes such as bud burst, flowering, berry set, colorization, photosynthesis, respiration, sugar accimilation and ripening. In particular, in order to carry out maximum photosynthesis of vine should be sufficient sunshine in the vegetation period. On condition that carbon dioxide and other factors not be limitting, the light increases the photosynthesis up to a certain point. Not only the limited amount of the light, but also the excess of light intensity may have an adverse impact on the development of the plant. While low light causes poor development in the shoots, high light intensity prevents the photosynthesis as a result of chlorophyll degradation. In the vineyards to ensure the highest level of sunshine should be attention to the selection of appropriate training systems and canopy management

Keywords:

Light, temperature, grapevine, growth, development, photosynthesis,

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