MEHMET EKER, H. Hulusi ACAR, H. Oğuz ÇOBAN

Orman yollarının potansiyel ekolojik etkileri

Yollar bitki ve hayvan popülasyonları üzerinde küçülmelere ve habitat kayıplarına, toprak, su kaynakları ve akarsular üzerindeki erozyon ve sedimentasyon oluşumuna, kimyasal kirlenmeye, fragmentasyona, kenar etkilerine ve insan etkilerinin ıssız alanlara erişimine neden olur. Bu çalışma, yolların orman ekosistemi üzerindeki bazı ekolojik özelliklerinin tanımlanması ve bilinen ekolojik etkilerin sınıflandırılarak bu konuda farkındalık oluşturulması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, etki faktörlerine, etkinin dağılımına ve etkilenen nesnelere göre sınıflandırılmalar yapılmış ve orman ekosistemi içindeki yol yoğunluğu, araç sayısı, vb. faktörlere bağlı olarak orman yollarının potansiyel ekolojik etkilerinin zamanla aktif etkilere dönüşebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Orman kaynaklarından yararlanmanın sürdürülebilirliği açısından yolların ekolojik etkileri, ÇED kriterleri içinde değerlendirilmeli ve bir kalite göstergesi olarak göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

orman amenajmanı, taşıma, orman yolları, çevresel etki

The potential ecological impacts of forest roads

Roads have general impacts: shrinkage and habitat losses on plant and animal population, creation erosion and sedimentation on soil, streams, and water resources, chemical pollution from vehicle emission, habitat fragmentation, road edge and effect zones, and associated human impacts in isolated natural areas. The study was carried out in order to describe and classify some ecological impacts of roads on forest ecosystem, and create awareness about the impacts of forest roads. The ecological impacts were classified by impact factors, distribution of impacts to land, and affected objects. As a result, it was drawn a conclusion that the potential ecological impacts of forest roads can be turn into active impacts in the course of time depending on road density in the forest ecosystem, number of vehicle, and the other factors. The ecological impacts of forest roads should be, therefore, evaluated in Environmental Impact Assessment criteria and taken into consideration as quality indicator from sustainability of forest resources point of view.

Keywords:

forest management, transport, forest roads, environmental impact,

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