Orman topraklarında mikroorganizmalar tarafından gerçekleştirilen azot dönüşümler

Bu çalısma orman topraklarında mikroorganizmalar tarafından gerçeklestirilen azot dönüsümleri hakkında genel bilgi vermek ve dünyada bu konuda yapılmıs çalısmaları sunmak amacıyla kaleme alınmıstır. Azot dönüsümü olayları içinde yer alan temel mekanizmalar; azotun bağlanması (fixation), ayrısma (decomposition), amonifikasyon, nitrifikasyon, denitrifikasyon ve azotun canlılar tarafından tutulması (immobilization) olaylarıdır. Azot dönüsümü olaylarının kendibeslek veya dısbeslenen mikroorganizmalar tarafından yapılabilmeleri ayrıstırılan mineral azotun net-brüt dönüsümü miktarı üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak, sistemde kalan veya sistem dısına çıkan amonyum ve nitratın miktarları değismektedir. Bu çalısmada, ölü örtü ayrısmasında mikroorganizma iliskileri, net-brüt azot mineralizasyonu, amonifikasyon, nitrifikasyon, azot döngüsü hızı ile ilgili konular üzerinde durulmustur. Bu amaçla olabildiğince yeni yaklasımlar ve düsünceler sunulmaya çalısılmıstır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

nitrifikasyon, amonifikasyon, mikrobiyal aktiviteler, orman toprakları, denitrifikasyon, azot döngüsü

Nitrogen transformations within forest soils by microorganisms

Current study aims to summarize the nitrogen transformations occurring within forest soils by microorganisms in a worldwide extent. The stated basic transformation mechanisms are; nitrogen fixation, decomposition, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification and immobilization phenomenon. Agent’s being whether autotrophic or heterotrophic affects the net – gross rates of mineralised nitrogen transformation. Correspondingly, leaching or remaining ammonium and nitrate amounts in the system varies. At this study; microorganism relations involving forest floor decomposition, net – gross nitrogen mineralization, ammonification, nitrification amounts, nitrogen transformation rates were investigated. With this intention, as much as recent aspects and ideas were tried to be presented.

Keywords:

nitrification, ammonification, microbial activities, forest soils, denitrification, nitrogen cycle,

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