Kayıp Çerkesya ve Bulunan Çerkesler: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na Kafkas Göçü

Bu araştırma 19. yüzyılda Kuzey Kafkasya'dan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na göçe yeni bir bakış sağlamaya yardımcı olan pan-Kafkas (Çerkes) ulus inşasının tarihini uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında ele almaktadır. Yazar, Kafkasya'nın uluslararası arenada özneleştirilmesinin ve Çerkes ulus inşasının göçün gerçek sebepleri olduğunu göstermek için arşiv belgeleri, tarih yazımı eserleri, İngiliz ve Fransız basını gibi çok çeşitli materyalleri analiz ediyor. Batı (öncelikle İngiliz) diplomasisinin başarısı, Çerkes sorununun formüle edilmesinde ve bir pan-Kafkasya ulusal projesinin ortaya çıkışında görülebilir. Bununla birlikte, Rusya'nın Kafkasya'daki askeri ilerlemesi ve İngiliz ve Fransız dış politika stratejileri arasındaki fark, ulus oluşturma sürecinin duraklamasına neden oldu. Ayrıca, ulus kurucuların çabaları, ortak devletçilik deneyimi eksikliği,dilsel ve etnik çeşitlilik gibi engeller nedeniyle Kuzey Kafkasyalıları birleştirmek için yeterli olmadı. Dolayısıyla göç, İngiltere tarafından gerçekleştirilen Çerkes ulus inşası projesinin başarısızlığının bir sonucuydu ve 19. yüzyılda Kuzey Kafkasya'nın uluslararası arenada uzun süren özneleştirilmesi sürecini özetledi.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Osmanlı Tarihi, Kafkasya, Çerkes Meselesi, Kafkas Göçü, Uluslararası İlişkileri

The Lost Circassia and the Found Circassians: Caucasian Migration to the Ottoman Empire

The article deals with the history of pan-Caucasian (Circassian) nation-building in the context of international relations, which helps to provide a new look at the migration from the North Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The author analyses a wide range of materials including archival documents, historiographical works, and the British and French press to show that subjectification of the Caucasus in the international arena and Circassian nation-building were the real triggers of migration. The success of Western (primarily British) diplomacy can be seen in the formulation of the Circassian question and the emergence of a pan-Caucasian national project. However, Russia's military advancement in the Caucasus, and the difference between British and French foreign policy strategies halted the nation-building process. Besides, the efforts of nation-builders were not enough to unite North Caucasians, due to such obstacles as the lack of experience of common statehood, and linguistic and ethnic diversity. Thus, migration was the result of the failure of the British Circassian nation-building project, and it summed up the long period of subjectification of the North Caucasus in the international arena in the 19th century.

Keywords:

Ottoman History, Caucausus, Circassian Question, Caucasian Migration, International Relations,

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