TURKEY’S INCENTIVE POLICIES IN ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

The electricity demand of Turkey is increasing rapidly for the last two decades due to the fast industrialization, population growth, urbanization and economic development. For this reason, it is compulsory that Turkey must adopt the most suitable incentive policy for energy resources towards the goal of increasing electricity production amount to meet its demand. In this study, incentives for different energy resources (natural gas assisted thermal power plants, coal assisted thermal power plants, renewable energy resources, nuclear energy) that Turkey adopts in the production of electricity and propositions have been provided. In the study, Turkey’s current energy potential has been determined and; these resources’ share values and potentials for development have been given within the total energy production. After evaluation, it has been determined that - in order to enable coal assisted thermal power plants’ getting developed more and faster compared to other energy resources; giving various incentives and promotion priviledges by the public is better. In addition to this, according to the information given in 2015-2019 Strategical Plan of Energy and Natural Resources Ministry; it has been notified that domestic coal usage in the electricity production will increase in the era to come. Incentives given for renewable energy resources in the electricity production are less than the incentives provided for coal assisted thermal power plants and nuclear energy, in proportion. Due to environmental problems and its being a domestic resource, Turkey should increase the incentives it implements for renewable energy resources. Turkey should practise effective incentive policies prioritizing production from its own energy resources. Within this context, it is necessary for Turkey to limit thermal power plants operating on natural gas for the electricity production purpose. Because it is compulsory for Turkey’s energy supply security and in terms of foreign trade.

TÜRKİYE’NİN ELEKTRİK ÜRETİMİNDE TEŞVİK POLİTİKALARI

Hızlı sanayileşme, nüfus artışı, kentleşme ve ekonomik gelişme nedeniyle Türkiye'nin elektrik talebi son yirmi yılda hızla artmaktadır. Bu sebeple Türkiye’nin elektrik üretimi miktarını artırmaya yönelik enerji kaynaklarında en uygun teşvik politikasını uygulaması zorunludur. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin farklı enerji kaynakları (doğal gaz destekli termik santralleri, kömür destekli termik santralleri, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, nükleer enerji) ile elektrik üretiminde uyguladığı teşvik politikaları değerlendirilmiş ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışmada Türkiye’nin mevcut enerji potansiyeli ortaya konmuş ve bu enerji kaynaklarının elektrik enerjisi üretimi içindeki payları ve gelişimi verilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda kömür destekli termik santrallere diğer enerji kaynaklarına oranla daha fazla ve hızlı gelişmesini sağlamak amacıyla, kamu tarafından çeşitli yöntemlerle verilen teşvik ve özendirmelerin daha iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı'nın 2015-2019 Stratejik Planı'nda verilen bilgilere göre, elektrik üretiminde yerli kömür kullanımının önümüzdeki dönemde arttırılacağı belirtilmektedir. Elektrik üretiminde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına verilen teşvikler kömür destekli termik santrallere ve nükleer enerjiye oranla azdır. Hem çevresel sorunlardan dolayı hem de yerli kaynak oluşundan, Türkiye’nin yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına uyguladığı teşvikleri arttırması gerekmektedir. Türkiye kendi enerji kaynaklarının üretimine ağırlık veren etkin teşvik politikaları uygulamalıdır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin elektrik üretim maksatlı doğal gaz destekli termik santrallere sınırlama getirmesi gereklidir. Çünkü Türkiye’nin enerji arz güvenirliği ve dış ticaret açısından zorunludur.

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