Türk sivil toplumunun kökenleri: Osmanlı dönemi

Bu makale sivil toplumun kökenine ve demokratik olmayan bir sistem içinde de bulunabilen sivil toplum unsurlarına dikkat çekerek, sivil toplum tartışmalarına yeni bir boyut getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin odak noktası, Osmanlı dönemi ve bu dönemdeki sivil toplum oluşumlarıdır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, padişahın merkezi ve mutlak otoritesine bağlı bir siyasi sistemle yönetilmekteydi. Çağdaş sivil toplum anlayışına göre böyle bir siyasi sistemde sivil toplum kuruluşlarının varolması yüksek bir ihtimal değildir. Bununla beraber, Osmanlı tarihine baktığımızda bazı sivil toplum unsurlarının demokratik olmayan bir sistem içerisinde de yer alabildiklerini görüyoruz. Bu nedenle, makale sivil toplum kuruluşlarının sadece içinde bulunduğumuz çağa ait olmadığını ve kökenlerinin tarihte bulunduğunu tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Osmanlı dönemi de bunun kanıtı olarak sunulacaktır. Makale hem Osmanlı dönemindeki sivil toplum unsurlarına hem de bunların zaman içerisindeki değişimine yer vermektedir.

The roots of Turkish civil society: The Ottoman Period

This article aims to introduce a new dimension to civil society debate by drawing attention to the roots of civil society organisations and the existence of civil society elements in non-democratic environments. Main focus of the article is the Ottoman period and the roots of Turkish civil society. The Ottoman Empire had a regime that depends on the central and absolute authority of the sultan. Possibility of having civil society organisations in such a system is not very high according to contemporary understanding. However, it is possible to find civil society elements even in such a political system. Although their structure, aims and influence are quite different than the contemporary civil society organisations, they were active players of the system. This article argues that civil society organisations are not the creation of this century and their roots can be found in the history. Civil society elements in the Ottoman period will be examined as evidences of this argument.

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