EMRE ÖZŞAHİN

189132

ŞEHİR VE TOPRAK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN COĞRAFİ YAKLAŞIMLA İNCELENMESİ: TEKİRDAĞ ŞEHRİ ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ şehrinin günümüzdeki gelişim sahasındaki toprak özelliklerinin coğrafi yaklaşımla incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde, "toprak, şehirsel yer seçiminde önemli rol oynamaktadır" hipotezi ispatlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, yoğun nüfuslu yerleşim alanlarının kurulması ve büyüyüp gelişmesinde toprakların önemine dikkat çekmesi bakımından mühimdir. Çalışma kapsamında, "Sahada toprak oluşumunu etkileyen faktörler nelerdir? Hangi toprak serileri yayılış gösterir? Toprak ve şehir arasında nasıl bir ilişki vardır? Şehir açısından toprak niçin önemlidir?" şeklindeki araştırma sorularına yanıtlar aranmıştır. Temel materyal olarak Türkiye Topoğrafya Haritalarının 1:25.000 ölçekli BANDIRMA G18-b2 ve G19-a1 numaralı paftalarının kullanıldığı çalışmada, klasik toprak coğrafyası araştırmalarında kullanılan yöntem izlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda yapılmış toprak örneklerinin analiz sonuçları yersel verilerle karşılaştırılmış ve elde edilen bulgular coğrafi yaklaşımla değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın tematik haritaları CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) tekniklerine dayalı olarak üretilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda sahanın detaylı bir toprak haritası oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, toprak oluşumunu etkileyen en önemli faktörün jeomorfolojik özellikler olduğu bu sahada, Entisol, İnceptisol ve Vertisol olmak üzere üç toprak ordosu yayılış göstermektedir. İnceleme alanındaki toprak türleri yer seçimi bakımından oldukça mühim olup, sahip oldukları karakterleri nispetinde yer seçimine etki etmektedirler. Söz konusu etki yakın gelecekteki şehirsel büyüme neticesinde daha da önem kazanacaktır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlarla şehirsel gelişim ve toprak arasında olumlu bir ilişki sağlanabilir. Böylece toprak kaynaklarının korunması, doğru kullanımı ve planlanması konusunda mühim adımlar atılabilir. Nihai aşamada benzer çalışmaların farklı şehirsel alanlarda yapılması doğal ortamı daha iyi kavrayıp, analiz etmemize ve şehirsel problemlerin anlaşılmasına da yardımcı olacaktır. Bu bağlamda Coğrafyacılar başta olmak üzere toprak ve şehir üzerine çalışan bilim insanlarına çok büyük vazifeler düşmektedir

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CITY AND SOIL THROUGH A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH: THE CASE OF TEKİRDAĞ CITY

Soil, which is one of the four main constituents of the universe, is indispensable for life, human life being in the first place. Soil can be regarded as the skin of the earth system whose lungs are the vegetation cover. This living cover, which is one of the most outstanding formations of the earth, is the only natural resource that has been formed in thousands of years, cannot be produced, and is almost impossible to be renewed. This natural element, which forms life ecosystems as well as the basis of human activities, can be considered a strategic resource, a capital, and one of the building blocks of strong economies. Therefore, the importance attached to soil increases every passing day, and soil resources become subject of competition. Environmental problems have evidently increased in the last few decades, which incites dependence on soil. People need to use and manage their soils sustainably in order to know the features of the natural environment they live in and make optimal use of these features. If that can be achieved, it will be possible for us to reach the level of contemporary civilization as a community and for people have to higher welfare levels. For that reason, it is imperative that the features of soil, which is one of the most important constituents of natural environment, be known, and appropriate soil protection measures be taken. In parallel with the rapid population growth in the world in the last century, cities growing more and more every passing day have been increasing their pressure on natural resources. That has brought about a big damage to soil resources in particular. Soil resources which were initially used for providing cities with agricultural products started to be used for construction and industry later on. Such change has increased the importance of soil resources in urban areas, which has made it necessary for specialists in different fields to carry out various scientific studies on this subject. The present study aims to examine the soil features in the current growth area of Tekirdağ City through a geographical approach. Within the framework of this aim, an attempt is made to prove the hypothesis, “soil plays an important role in urban site selection”. The study is significant in that it tries to point out the importance of soil in the establishment and growth of densely populated settlements. To this end, an attempt is made to answer the following research questions; What are the factors influential on soil formation in the study area? What soil series cover the study area? What sort of a relationship is there between soil and the city? Why is soil important for the city? The study area is located in the northwest of Turkey. It corresponds to the current growth area of Tekirdağ City, which is the administrative center of Tekirdağ Province. This area, which is located in Süleymanpaşa district center, is situated between the valley of Çayırlar Brook in the east and that of Donlu Brook in the west. It has an area of 22 km². 1:25.000 scale BANDIRMA G18-b2 and G19-map sheets of Turkey’s Topographic Maps prepared by General Command of Mapping were used as basic material. Based on these map sheets, the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) dataset with a resolution of 10x10 m was formed for the study area. The slope and aspect maps of the area were created by use of the same data, too. Other maps were obtained in different ways. The thematic maps of the study were produced based on GIS (Geographical Information Systems) techniques. The procedure applied in classic soil geography studies was employed in the present study, too. In this regard, the analysis results of the samples taken by various researchers from 19 different points on a horizon basis with the same mentality were used. These samples were grouped with such sample number abbreviations as B (Boyraz, 2003), S (Sarı, 2010; Boyraz and Sarı, 2012), and A (Atmaca, 2011). The fact that no soil map had been created for the study area in previous studies made the present study more crucial. The reliability of the results of the previous studies and the created soil map was checked through field surveys. To this end, the above-mentioned soil sampling points were determined via GPS, and the profiles were reopened. In this way, suspicion of linearity was removed. In addition, the shortcomings of the draft soil map were eliminated through observations carried out at this stage. Finally, the ground data collected from the area and the findings obtained at the first stage were evaluated through a geographical approach. The present study, in which the soil features of the potential settlement of Tekirdağ City in the near future were showed, verified the hypothesis suggesting that soil plays an important role in urban site selection based on the related sampling. It was understood that geomorphological features have the most evident influence on soil formation which is affected by various factors. It was found out that three soil orders (i.e. Entisol, Inceptisol, and Vertisol) cover the area. Among these orders, Inceptisols are represented by the suborder of Xerept, the big groups of Haploxerept and Calcixerept, and the subgroups of Typic Haploxerept, Calcic Haploxerept, Fluventic Haploxerept, and Typic Calcixerept. Entisols, which are divided into the suborders of Fluvent and Orthent, are made up of Typic Xerofluvent, Typic Xerorthent, and Lithic Xerorthent that are included in the big groups of Xerofluvent and Xerorthent. Vertisols, on the other hand, were seen to include the suborder of Xerert, the big group of Haploxerert, and the subgroup of Typic Haploxerert. Soil types in the study area are quite important for site selection. They affect site selection according to their characters. Such effect will gain more importance as a result of urban growth in the near future. Based on the results of this study, a positive relationship may be established between urban growth and soil. In this way, important steps may be taken for protecting, appropriately using, and planning soil resources. Conducting similar studies in different urban areas may help comprehend and analyze the natural environment better and understand urban problems. Moreover, there is a need for more research on soil and city. In this sense, tremendous responsibilities fall to scientists studying on soil and city, geographers being in the first place.
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Turkish Studies (Elektronik)-Cover
  • ISSN: 1308-2140
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2006
  • Yayıncı: Mehmet Dursun Erdem
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