DÜNYADA ÖĞRETMEN YETİŞTİRME PROGRAMLARI VE ÖĞRETMENLERE YÖNELİK MESLEKİ GELİŞİM UYGULAMALARI

Dünyada eğitim politikalarının uygulayıcısı, eğitim hizmetlerini anlamlı hale getiren, eğitimin hizmetlerinin başlatıcısı, geliştiricisi ve uygulayıcısı olan öğretmenler eğitim sistemlerinin vaz geçilmez temel ögelerinden biridir. Eğitim sisteminin başarısı, bu sistemi işletecek öğretmenlerin ve diğer eğitim personelinin niteliklerine bağlıdır. Hiçbir eğitim modeli, o modeli işletecek personelin niteliğinin üstünde hizmet üretemez. Bundan dolayı dünyanın hemen hemen her yerinde politika yapıcıları eğitim sistemlerinde uygulanan reformların temeline öğretmenleri yerleştirmiştir. Bu reformlar temel olarak öğretmenlerin yetiştirilmesi, istihdamı, kariyer gelişimi ve mesleki gelişimi gibi bir dizi düzenlemeyi kapsamaktadır. Bu makalede çeşitli dünya ülkelerinde uygulanan öğretmen yetiştirme sistemleri, öğretmen yetiştiren kurumlara öğretmen adaylarının seçimi, yetiştirilmesi, atanması ve öğretmenler yönelik mesleki gelişim uygulamalarına yönelik politikalar incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen ülkelerin öğretmen yetiştirme ve seçme sistemlerinde, farklı öğretmen yetiştirme modellerinin birlikte benimsendiği, öğretmen adaylarının fakültelere ve öğretmenlik programlarına seçiminde ulusal sınavların yanında öğretmenlik becerilerini ölçen yazılı, mülakat ve performans sınavlarının uygulandığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca genel olarak ülkelerin hizmet öncesi eğitimin uygulamalarında pratik ve teorik dengenin kurularak yoğun bir uygulama eğitiminin verildiği öğretmen eğitimi uygulamaları tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu ülkelerde hizmet içi ve mesleki gelişim eğitimi çalışmalarına da önem verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda elde edilen veriler ışığında "Öğretmen Yetiştirme ve Geliştirme Sistemi" üzerine bir model önerisi sunulmuştur

TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS IN WORLD AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS FOR TEACHERS

Teachers are one of indispensable fundamental principles of education system. They are implanting, developing and starting the education. They are giving the real meaning of education services as well as executing education policies in the world. Success of education system depends on qualification, attributions and skill of teachers and educational personnel who run this educational system. None of educational model produces better services than qualification of personnel who would run the system. For this reason, the policy makers have placed teachers in to the foundation of reform of education in every part of the world. These reform cover mainly/fundamentally a series of regulations / rearrangements such as recruitment of teachers, employment of teachers and development of teacher career and improvement of their skills. This article investigates techniques and methods of teachers’ recruitments; selection process /procedures and replacement of teachers’ candidate to the teachers’ recruitment institution; allocation of teachers after their graduation; policies towards teacher training and development of their teaching skills in various countries of the world. In the scope of this study: in teacher training and selection system of the country, with different models of teacher training is adopted and of teachers in the selection of faculty and teaching programs, besides the national exam that measures skills in teaching writing, interview and exam performance is observed that the implementation. In addition, it is confirmed that both theoretic and practical education are used together pre-service training practices in general, and there also is seen that an intensified teacher training education given which based on balanced theoretical and practical education. Further, at the same time, in these countries, it is established that they have given priorities to the in-service training and vocational teacher training studies. At the end of the study, a model is suggested namely ‘Teacher Recruitment and Development System’ with the help of finding of the study

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