BABÜRNÂME’DE TÜRKMEN UNVANLI KİŞİLER

Hatıra türü eserler, yazan kişinin hayatına ve yazıldığı döneme ışık tutar. Biz, bu sayede geçmişe dair çok şey öğrenmiş oluruz. Sözü edilen eserlerden biri de Zahîrüddin Muhammed Babür'ün Vekâyî adını taşıyan kitabıdır. Daha çok Babürnâme olarak bilinir. Onun saltanat hayatı, sözü edilen eserde üç döneme ayrılarak verilmiştir: Fergana dönemi, Kâbil dönemi ve Hindistan dönemi. Babür, eserinde diğer milletlere ait kişilerin yanında Türk boylarına ait şahsiyetlere de yer vermiştir. Bunlardan bir kısmı Türkmenlere mensuptur. Anılan kişilerin diğer adı veya adlarından sonra Türkmen kelimesi getirilmiştir. Bu yaklaşım, adeta günümüzdeki soyadı sistemine benzemektedir. Oysa eserde diğer Türk boylarına ait şahsiyetler, Özbek Şeyban, Özbek Reniş ve Tatar Keker vb. gibi geçmektedir. Bunlarda boy adları mensubiyetlerini belirtmek üzere asıl adlarından önce zikredilmiştir. Adı bahsettiğimiz şekilde kayda geçirilen on bir Türkmen unvanlı kişi bulunmaktadır: Mirek Türkmen, Kerimdâd Hudaydâd Türkmen, Kaymas Türkmen, Cihangir Türkmen, Soğdlu Sa'd b. Hüseyin Türkmen, Süyündük Türkmen, Papa Oğlu Allah-Birdi Türkmen, Pîrî Bey Türkmen, Rüstem Türkmen, Ebülfeth Türkmen, Süleyman Türkmen. Bunların dışında adlarının sonunda Türkmen kelimesi anılmadığı hâlde bu boya mensup şahsiyetler de mevcut olabilir. Ancak bunları tespit etmek pek de kolay değildir. Babür'ün ömrü savaşlar ve mücadelelerle geçtiği için Türkmenlere ait şahsiyetlerin neredeyse tamamı buna uygun pozisyonlarda görev almış kişilerdir

TURKMEN TITLED PERSONS IN BABURNAME

In this world, a very adventurous life falls to some people’s share. Although some of them die living it in themselves, some people record the events they experience and want them to be known by others. The remembrance is a literary genre emerged in this way over the centuries. Although seen in previous eras, it has gained wide acceptance in modern times. These works, contain important written records of the person’s life, who wrote them and the period in which they were written. We, therefore, we have learned a lot about the past. Thus, the personalities, who revealed the remembrance, mirror not only themselves, but also the period in which they lived. One of the works mentioned, is Zahiruddin Muhammed Babur’s Vekayi bearing his name. It became famous as Baburname. It is considered as the first detailed memoir of the Turks. Babur, who was descendant of Tamerlane, came to the throne, when he was a child upon death of his father in an accident. In the struggles for sovereignty, which coincided with the disintegration period of of Timurids, he had selected the way to struggle with his relatives in order to be accepted. From time to time she experienced great loneliness, gave way to despair; made sometimes unexpected conquests with his crowded army. As he was defeated in the struggle against his close relatives and that he could not hold on in Central Asia, resulted in expansion of the sovereignty of Muslim Turks to Afghanistan and India. His life of reign was divided into three periods in the said work: the period of Fergana, the period of Kabul and the period of India. In the Baburname, which consists of collective memories, his struggles and battles are described. As he was a poet at the same time, he sprinkled poetries in emotions. Human emotions concentrate in cases of disease, exhaustion and intimidation and go to a place beyond the prose in format of poem. In this work, which was written as prosaism poems were also put in the spirit of such atmosphere. In the remembrances together with some personal thoughts and emotions, also the social life of that time, sovereignty struggles, depictions of the inner and outer world of important people, relationships, intrigue, brutality and so on were also recorded.Other Turkish tribes, especially the Uzbeks and Turkmens were also involved in the wars. Because of their lives close to each other or the neighborhood, although they fought time to time, sometimes fought together against the common enemy. As Timurids and Uzbeks were fighting against each other, unpredictable alliances were formed. Uzbeks took place against and Turkmens on side of Timur and fought against Uzbeks, Afghans and Hindus. Babur included personalities in his work belonging to Turkish tribes, together with persons who belonged to other nations. The word Turkmen was written after the name or names of the mentioned persons. This approach is almost similar to today’s surname system. However, figures in the work of the other Turkish tribes, are mentioned as Uzbek Sheyban, Uzbek Rhenish and and Tatar Keker. These were mentioned before the original name to indicate the names of tribes. There are eleven Turkmens, whose names were written as mentioned. The names of Mirek Turkmen ane Kerimdad Hudaydad Turkmen of them are mentioned in the part Fergana; Kaymas Turkmen, Cihangir Turkmen, Soğdlu Sa’d b. Huseyin Turkmen, Suyunduk Turkmen, Papa Oğlu Allah-Birdi Turkmen and Piri Bey Turkmen are mentioned in the part Kabul. And the name of Rustem Turkmen is mentioned both in the Kabul and India. Although Turkmens are sometimes cited in the remembrances as a tribe, it is noteworthy to mention that the word Turkmen was written to indicate belongingness of some people. These shall mostly people who had shown the usefulness of participating in the forefront of the battle. We think, that prominent personalities are more clearly described. This approach is mainly referred to in the part Kabul of Baburname. At that time, it is understood that Turkmens were active in the army of Babur. There are also people, who the word Turkmen was not mentioned after their names. However, it is not easy to detect them. Although there is no information to which tribe the persons belong, who were mentioned as Turkmen, it is possible to say that some of them belonged to Karakoyunlu Turkmens, who were on service of Timur. Because, Uzun Khasan from the state of Akkoyunlu, took Azerbaijan and Iraq by defeating the Karakoyunlu state, crowded Karakoyunlu Turkmen families came together with their and entered into service of Sultan Ebu Said Mirza. They should have contributed significantly for Timurids later. Finally we can say: As the whole life of Timur passed with wars, almost all of the figures mentioned as Turkmen, were charged in positions accordingly.

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