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Amerikan misyonerliğinde kadın ve kadının rolü (Ortadoğu örneği)

Ortadoğu’da Amerikan misyonerliği XIX. yüzyılın ilk yıllarından itibaren başlamıştır. Ancak bölgenin tarihi, kültürel dokusu dikkate alınarak buralara gönderilecek misyonerlerin evli olmasına özen gösterilmiştir. Bu şekilde misyonerlerin toplum tarafından kolayca benimsenmeleri sağlanmıştır. İlerleyen yıllarda evli kadınların iş yükünün artmasına ve kız eğitim politikalarına bağlı olarak bekar kadın misyonerler, misyon bölgelerine gönderilmeye başlamıştır. Gönderilen bekârlar, evlilerin gözetiminde onlara yardımcı elemanlar olarak çalışmışlardır. Kadınların misyon bölgelerinde başlıca çalışma alanları kadınlar arasında vaazlar, eğitim öğretim ve daha sonraki dönemlerde doktorluk gibi tıbbi meslekler olmuştur. Ortadoğu’da diğer kadınlara model olması için özel yetiştirilen misyoner kadınlar şartların zorluklarından dolayı özellikle ilk dönemler oldukça büyük kayıplar vermişlerdir. Misyonerliğe yaptıkları olumlu katkılara rağmen XIX. yüzyılın sonuna kadar başta maaş olmak üzere erkeklere oranla daha alt statüde görülmüş ve misyoner olarak kabul edilmemişlerdir. Bu da zamanla kendi aralarındaki örgütlenmelerini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Amerikan misyonerlerinin Ortadoğu’da kadın faaliyetlerine ve bunun organizasyonlarındaki yerine değinilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Women and women's role in American missionary (A Sample of Middle East)

American missionary began in the early years of the XIX century in the Middle East. However, taking into consideration of region's cultural fabric and history, missionaries who will be sent to here should have been married. In this manner missionary adaptation has been easily provided with societies in this region. In later years, depending on increasing the workload of married women and education policy of girls the single women missionaries began to send missions to the region. Under supervision of married missionary families, single women missionaries, who sent to this region worked as their staff assistant. The main work of women missionaries in the mission areas of the region are among women preaching, education and in the next period medical professions such as medicine. Because of difficult circumstances especially in the first period, missionary women who raised as a model for other women in the Middle East gave a very large losses. Despite of their positive contribution to missionary at the end of the XIX century, they have had a lower status than men, and they were not considered as missionaries. For these reasons they organized among themselves. In this study, women activities of American missioners in Middle East and the role of this in the organizations will be investigated.

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