1939 DEPREMİ İLE AFET YERİ OLAN ERZİNCAN’IN HÜZÜN TURİZMİ POTANSİYELİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yapısal yıkımlar, ekonomik ve sosyal kayıplarla ölüm ve trajediye neden olan doğal afetler ve afetin bıraktığı izler, bir toplum ya da yerleşimin hüzün ve acı içeren tarihi geçmişini ve mirasını oluşturmaktadır. Genel anlamda ölüm, acı ya da dehşet yaratan olayların yaşandığı yerlere yönelik seyahatleri içeren hüzün turizmi, bu miras yerlerini de kapsamaktadır. Anıtlar, müzeler, anma etkinlikleri gibi çeşitli yollarla sunulan duygusal, eğitsel mesajlar ileten bu turizm yerlerine olan ilgi ise her geçen gün artmaktadır. Buna paralel olarak da yeni cazibe merkezleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma yıkıcı bir depremle, ölüm, acı ve trajedi içeren bir geçmişe sahip ancak bu yönde herhangi bir turizm altyapısı olmayan bir Anadolu kentine dikkati çekmektedir. Çalışma alanını oluşturan Erzincan, 27 Aralık 1939 tarihinde Richter ölçeğiyle 7.9 şiddetinde gerçekleşen bir depremle, yapıların neredeyse tamamının yıkıldığı, nüfusun yarısından fazlasının öldüğü ve çok çeşitli trajik olayların yaşandığı önemli bir kent örneğidir. Bu çalışma 1939 afetinin izlerini oluşturan anıt, kalıntı ve yerlerinin, temsil ettiği ölüm, acı ve trajedi içeriğiyle incelenmesi, bu yerler üzerinden Erzincan'ın hüzün turizmi bağlamında potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede arşiv ve doküman taraması yöntemi ile kentteki hüzün turizmi yerleri tespit edilmiş ve Seaton (1996) tarafından yapılan "hüzün (dark) turizm tipolojisi" kapsamında sınıflandırılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda "Yasak Kent", "Şüheda Kabri", "Zelzele Anıtı" ve "Deprem Anıtı"nın hüzün turizmi açısından potansiyel taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Belirtilen öneriler doğrultusunda yapılacak uygulamalarla Erzincan'ın hüzün turizmi destinasyonu olarak sunulabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

A RESEARCH ON THE DARK TOURISM POTENTIAL OF ERZİNCAN- THE DISASTER PLACE WITH THE EARTHQUAKE IN 1939

Structural demolitions, natural disasters causing the economic and social loss, death and tragedy, and the traces of disaster create the historical past and heritage of a society or settlement containing sadness and pain. Dark tourism, which includes travels to places where events of death, pain or terrifying events take place in general, includes even these heritage sites. Interest in these dark tourism sites, which transmit emotional and educational messages delivered in various ways such as monuments, museums, commemoration events, is increasing day by day. Accordingly, new centres of attraction are emerging. This study draws attention to an Anatolian city, which has a history of death, suffering, and tragedy with a destructive earthquake but has no tourism infrastructure. Erzincan, which constitutes the study area, is an important example of the city, where an earthquake- of 7.9 magnitudes with the scale of Richter- destroyed almost all the structures on December 27, 1939, more than half of the population died and many tragic events were experienced. In this present study, it was aimed to investigate the monuments, remains and places forming the traces of 1939 disaster and representing death, suffer and tragedy; evaluate the dark tourism potential of Erzincan relevant to these places. In this context, the dark tourism places in the city were determined by archive and document scanning method, and analysed through classifying with the ‘dark tourism typology’ by Seaton (1996). It was determined that the "Forbidden City", "Şüheda Tomb", "Zelzele Monument" and "Earthquake Monument" had a potential in terms of dark tourism in the direction of the findings obtained. With the applications according to the mentioned recommendation, it was concluded that Erzincan could be presented as a destination of dark tourism

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