Effects of cinnamic acid on complications of diabetes
Effects of cinnamic acid on complications of diabetes
Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) and its derivatives are synthesizedin plants and increasing attention has been given to them in recent years due to the high number of beneficial health properties attributedto their consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CA on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats.Materials and methods: DNA damage was evaluated in the blood, liver, and kidney cells of rats by the alkaline comet assay. Oxidativestress parameters such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidaseactivities and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels; biochemical parameters including insulin,total bilirubin, and BCA protein levels; hepatic enzyme levels such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase; and lipid profile parameters including high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein,total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were also evaluated.Results: DM caused genotoxic damage and alterations in lipid profiles, oxidative stress parameters, and hepatic enzymes levels. CAtreatment ameliorated these effects.Conclusion: It seems that CA might have a role in the prevention of the complications of diabetes.
___
- Eldar-Finkelman H, Kaidanovich O. The role of glycogen
synthase kinase-3 in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Expert Opin Ther Targets 2002; 6: 555-561.
- Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lu Y, Singh GM, Cowan MJ,
Paciorek CJ, Lin JK, Farzadfar F, Khang YH, Stevens GA et al.
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose
and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of
health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with
370 country-years and 2·7 million participants. Lancet 2011;
378: 31-40.
- Fatima A, Agrawal P, Singh PP. Herbal option for diabetes: an
overview. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012; 2: S536-S44.
- Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the
prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin
Pract 2010; 87: 4-14.
- Rotenstein LS, Kozak BM, Shivers JP, Yarchoan M, Close J,
Close KL. The ideal diabetes therapy: what will it look like?
How close are we? Clin Diabetes 2012; 30: 44-53.
- Yusuff KB, Obe O, Joseph BY. Adherence to anti-diabetic drug
therapy and self management practices among type-2 diabetics
in Nigeria. Pharm World Sci 2008; 30: 876-883.
- Andrade-Cetto A, Heinrich M. Mexican plants with
hypoglycaemic effect used in the treatment of diabetes. J
Ethnopharmacol 2005; 99: 325-348.
- Ezuruike UF, Prieto JM. The use of plants in the traditional
management of diabetes in Nigeria: pharmacological and
toxicological considerations. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:
857-924.
- Eilerman RG. Cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamyl
alcohol. In: Seidel A, editor. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology. 5th ed. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.; 2001. pp. 595-603.
- Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L.
Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr
2004; 79: 727-747.
- Lee EJ, Kim SR, Kim J, Kim YC. Hepatoprotective
phenylpropanoids from Scrophularia buergeriana roots against
CCl4
-induced toxicity: action mechanism and structureactivity relationship. Planta Med 2002; 68: 407-411.
- Wiesner J, Mitsch A, Wissner P, Jomaa H, Schlitzer M.
Structure-activity relationships of novel anti-malarial agents.
Part 2: cinnamic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001;
12: 423-424.
- Banskota AH, Nagaoka T, Sumioka LY, Tezuka Y, Awale S,
Midorikawa K, Matsushige K, Kadota S. Antiproliferative
activity of the Netherlands propolis and its active principles in
cancer cell lines. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 80: 67-73.
- Cartron E, Carbonneau MA, Fouret G, Descomps B, Léger CL.
Specific antioxidant activity of caffeoyl derivatives and other
natural phenolic compounds: LDL protection against oxidation
and decrease in the proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholine
production. J Nat Prod 2001; 64: 480-486.
- Taner G, Özkan Vardar D, Aydin S, Aytaç Z, Başaran A, Başaran
N. Use of in vitro assays to assess the potential cytotoxic,
genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of vanillic and cinnamic
acid. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 40: 183-190.
- Bickers D, Calow P, Greim H, Hanifin J, Rogers A, Saurat J,
Sipes IG, Smith RL, Tagami H. A toxicologic and dermatologic
assessment of cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic
acid when used as fragrance ingredients: the RIFM expert
panel. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43: 799-836.
- Lenzen S. The mechanisms of alloxan-and streptozotocininduced diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 216-226.
- King AJ. The use of animal models in diabetes research. Br J
Pharmacol 2012; 166: 877-894.
- Cumaoğlu A, Ozansoy G, Irat AM, Arıcıoğlu A, Karasu Ç,
Arı N. Effect of long term, non cholesterol lowering dose of
fluvastatin treatment on oxidative stress in brain and peripheral
tissues of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011;
654: 80-85.
- Patel R, Shervington A, Pariente JA, Martinez‐Burgos MA,
Salido GM, Adeghate E, Salido GM, Adeghate E, Singh
J. Mechanism of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in
streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann N
Y Acad Sci 2006; 1084: 71-88.
- Tice RR, Agurell E, Anderson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A,
Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Rojas E, Ryu JC, Sasaki YF. Single
cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic
toxicology testing. Environ Mol Mutagen 2000; 35: 206-221.
- Bacanlı M, Aydın S, Taner G, Göktaş H, Şahin T, Başaran A,
Başaran N. Does rosmarinic acid treatment have protective
role against sepsis-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino
rats? Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35: 877-886.
- Sier C, Kubben F, Ganesh S, Heerding M, Griffioen G,
Hanemaaijer R, van Krieken JH, Lamers CB, Verspaget HW.
Tissue levels of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP9 are related to the overall survival of patients with gastric
carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1996; 74: 413-417.
- Rathmann W, Giani G. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates
for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;
27: 2568-2569.
- Hsu CL, Yen GC. Phenolic compounds: evidence for inhibitory
effects against obesity and their underlying molecular signaling
mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52: 53-61.
- Stalikas CD. Extraction, separation, and detection methods for
phenolic acids and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2007; 30: 3268-3295.
- Penckofer S, Schwertz D, Florczak K. Oxidative stress
and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: the role of
antioxidants and pro-oxidants. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2002; 16:
68-85.
- Desco MC, Asensi M, Márquez R, Martínez-Valls J, Vento
M, Pallardó FV, Sastre J, Viña J. Xanthine oxidase is involved
in free radical production in type 1 diabetes protection by
allopurinol. Diabetes 2002; 51: 1118-1124.
- Inoguchi T, Li P, Umeda F, Yu HY, Kakimoto M, Imamura M,
Aoki T, Etoh T, Hashimoto T, Naruse M et al. High glucose
level and free fatty acid stimulate reactive oxygen species
production through protein kinase C-dependent activation of
NAD(P)H oxidase in cultured vascular cells. Diabetes 2000; 49:
1939-1945.
- Cosentino F, Hishikawa K, Katusic ZS, Lüscher TF. High
glucose increases nitric oxide synthase expression and
superoxide anion generation in human aortic endothelial cells.
Circulation 1997; 96: 25-28.
- Armstrong D, Al-Awadi F. Lipid peroxidation and retinopathy
in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 1991;
11: 433-436.
- Rungby J, Flyvbjerg A, Andersen HB, Nyborg K. Lipid
peroxidation in early experimental diabetes in rats: effects of
diabetes and insulin. Acta Endocrinol 1992; 126: 378-380.
- Godin DV, Wohaieb SA. Reactive oxygen radical processes
in diabetes. In: Singal PK, editor. Oxygen Radicals in
the Pathophysiology of Heart Disease. Developments in
Cardiovascular Medicine. 1st ed. Boston, MA, USA: Springer;
1988. pp. 303-322.
- Godin DV, Wohaieb SA, Garnett ME, Goumeniouk A.
Antioxidant enzyme alterations in experimental and clinical
diabetes. Mol. Cell. Biochem 1988; 84: 223-231.
- Asayama K, Uchida N, Nakane T, Hayashibe H, Dobashi K,
Amemiya S, Kato K, Nakazawa S. Antioxidants in the serum of
children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Free Radic
Biol Med 1993; 15: 597-602.
- Astaneie F, Afshari M, Mojtahedi A, Mostafalou S, Zamani MJ,
Larijani B, Abdollahi M. Total antioxidant capacity and levels
of epidermal growth factor and nitric oxide in blood and saliva
of insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Arch Med Res 2005; 36:
376-381.
- Adisakwattana S, Chantarasinlapin P, Thammarat H, YibchokAnun S. A series of cinnamic acid derivatives and their
inhibitory activity on intestinal α-glucosidase. J Enzyme Inhib
Med Chem 2009; 24: 1194-1200.
- Kim SH, Hyun SH, Choung SY. Anti-diabetic effect of cinnamon
extract on blood glucose in db/db mice. J Ethnopharmacol
2006; 104: 119-123.
- Ping H, Zhang G, Ren G. Antidiabetic effects of cinnamon oil
in diabetic KK-Ay mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48: 2344-
2349.
- Huang DW, Shen SC, Wu JSB. Effects of caffeic acid and
cinnamic acid on glucose uptake in insulin-resistant mouse
hepatocytes. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57: 7687-7692.
- Huang DW, Shen SC. Caffeic acid and cinnamic acid
ameliorate glucose metabolism via modulating glycogenesis
and gluconeogenesis in insulin-resistant mouse hepatocytes. J
Funct Foods 2012; 4: 358-366.
- Rao BK, Rao CA. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic
activity of Syzygium alternifolium (Wt.) Walp. seed extracts in
normal and diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2001; 8: 88-93.
- Kasetti RB, Rajasekhar MD, Kondeti VK, Fatima SS, Kumar
EGT, Swapna S, Ramesh B, Rao CA. Antihyperglycemic and
antihyperlipidemic activities of methanol:water (4:1) fraction
isolated from aqueous extract of Syzygium alternifolium seeds
in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol
2010; 48: 1078-1084.
- Adisakwattana S, Moonsan P, Yibchok-Anun S. Insulinreleasing properties of a series of cinnamic acid derivatives in
vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 7838-7844.
- Babu PS, Prabuseenivasan S, Ignacimuthu S. Cinnamaldehyde—a
potential antidiabetic agent. Phytomedicine 2007; 14: 15-22.
- Lakshmi BS, Sujatha S, Anand S, Sangeetha KN, Narayanan
RB, Katiyar C, Kanaujia A, Duggar R, Singh Y, Srinivas K.
Cinnamic acid, from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, regulates
glucose transport via activation of GLUT4 on L6 myotubes in a
phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐independent manner. J Diabetes
2009; 1: 99-106.
- Yibchok‐anun S, Adisakwattana S, Moonsan P, Hsu WH.
Insulin‐secretagogue activity of p‐methoxycinnamic acid in
rats, perfused rat pancreas and pancreatic β‐cell line. Basic Clin
Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 102: 476-482.
- Kushwaha S, Vikram A, Trivedi P, Jena G. Alkaline, Endo III
and FPG modified comet assay as biomarkers for the detection
of oxidative DNA damage in rats with experimentally induced
diabetes. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2011; 726:
242-250.