Evaluation of urinary incontinence and quality of life in married women aged between 20 and 49 years (Sakarya, Turkey)

Evaluation of urinary incontinence and quality of life in married women aged between 20 and 49 years (Sakarya, Turkey)

Background/aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and to evaluate the relationship betweenurinary incontinence and quality of life in married women.Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among married women aged 20–49 years living in the vicinity ofthe Çökekler Community Clinic (Family Health Center) in Sakarya, Turkey, from 1 November 2011 to 15 April 2012. The study groupconsisted of 1161 women.Results: The frequency of urinary incontinence was 71.5% (n = 830). Out of a total of 830 patients with symptoms of urinary incontinence,mixed was the most frequently determined type (60.4%), followed by urge (33.9%) and then stress urinary incontinence (5.8%). Themean scores obtained by women with urinary incontinence from the general health perceptions and social functioning domains of theSF-36 survey were lower (P < 0.05 for each domain).Conclusion: Urinary incontinence was found to be a common problem among women, and it affects quality of life adversely. Recurrenturinary tract infection and advancing age were the key risk factors in the development of urinary incontinence.

___

  • Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, Van Kerrebroeck P, Victor A, Wein A. The standardization of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardization sub-Committee of The International Continence Society. Urology 2003; 61: 37-49.
  • Ünsal A, Tozun M, Arslantaş D. Urinary incontinence, related factors and depression among women aged 20 and over in Beylikova District center in Eskişehir. TAF Preventative Medicine Bulletin 2013; 12: 231-242 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Işıklı B, Yenilmez A, Kalyoncu C. Prevalence, risk factors and effects on life quality of urinary incontinence among women aged 18 years or older living in Alpu district of Eskisehir: a population based study. Nobel Med 2011; 7: 34-39 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Bilgili N, Akın B, Ege E, Ayaz S. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and affecting risk factors in women. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2008; 28: 487-493 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Oliveira E, Zuliani LM, Ishicava J, Silva SV, Albuquerque SS, de Souza AM, Barbosa CP. Evaluation of factors related to the occurrence of female urinary incontinence. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2010; 56: 688-690.
  • Stothers L, Friedman B. Risk factors for the development of stress urinary incontinence in women. Curr Urol Rep 2011; 12: 363-369.
  • Can Güler T, Yağcı N. Urinary incontinence in women and physical therapy. Journal of Dumlupınar University Graduate School of Science, 2006; 11: 205-218 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Miller KL. Stress urinary incontinence in women: review and update on neurological control. J Women’s Health (Larchmt) 2005; 14: 595-608.
  • Lasserre A, Pelat C, Guéroult V, Hanslik T, Chartier-Kastler E, Blanchon T, Ciofu C, Montefiore ED, Alvarez FP, Bloch J. Urinary incontinence in French women: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on quality of life. Eur Urol 2009; 56: 177- 183.
  • Zhu L, Li L, Lang J, Xu T, Wong F. Epidemiology of mixed urinary incontinence in China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010; 109: 55-58.
  • Danforth KN, Townsend MK, Lifford K, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. Risk factors for urinary incontinence among middle-aged women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194: 339-345.
  • Tozun M, Ayranci U, Unsal A. Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women and its impact on quality of life in a semirural area of western Turkey. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2009; 67: 241-249.
  • Chiaffarino F, Parazzini F, Lavezzari M, Giambanco V; Gruppo Inter disciplinare di Studio Incontinenza Urinaria (GISIU). Impact of urinary incontinence and over active bladder on quality of life. Eur Urol 2003; 43: 535-538.
  • Melville JL, Delaney K, Newton K, Katon W. Incontinence severity and major depression in incontinent women. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 585-592.
  • Dilek KU. Anamnesis and physical examination of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. In: Güner H, editor, Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery. Ankara, Turkey: Güneş Medicine Bookstore; 2008. pp. 63-68 (in Turkish).
  • Özdemir E, Özerdoğan N, Ünsal A. Urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction and quality of life among married women older than 20, in Ankara Gulveren Health Clinic Region. Türkiye Klinikleri Jinekoloji Obstetrik Dergisi 2011; 21: 266- 276 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sandvik H, Hunskaar S. A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag. J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53: 1150-1157.
  • Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care 1992; 30: 473-483.
  • Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Fişek G, Ölmez N, Memiş A. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Short-Form-36 (SF-36). İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi 1999; 12: 102-106 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines for Controlling and Monitoring the Tobacco Epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1998.
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping Patients Who Drink Too Much. A Clinician’s Guide. NIH publication No: 05_3769. Bethesda, MD, USA: National Institutes of Health; 2005.
  • O’Reilly M. Recurrent urinary tract infection. In: Stanton SL, Dwyer PL, editors. Urinary Tract Infection in the Female. London, UK: Martin Dunitz; 2000. pp. 227-240.
  • American College of Gastroenterology Chronic Constipation Task Force. An evidence-based approach to the management of chronic constipation in North America. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 1-4.
  • World Health Organization. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. Research on the Menopause in the 1990s. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 866. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1996.
  • Güneş G, Güneş A, Pehlivan E. Urinary incontinence prevalence among adult women in the area of Yeşilyurt health center. Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi 2000; 7: 54-57 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Yip SK, Chung TK. Treatment-seeking behavior in Hong Kong Chinese women with urinary symptoms. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2003; 14: 27-30.
  • Filiz TM, Uludag C, Cinar N, Gorpelioglu S, Topsever P. Risk factors for urinary incontinence in Turkish women. A crosssectional study. Saudi Med J 2006; 27: 1688-1692.
  • Kocak I, Okyay P, Dundar M, Erol H, Beser E. Female urinary incontinence in the west of Turkey: prevalence, risk factors and impact on quality of life. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 634-641.
  • Hunskaar S, Arnold EP, Burgio K, Diokno AC, Herzog AR, Mallet VT. Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence (UI). In: Abrams P, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence. 1st International Consultation on Incontinence. Plymouth, UK: Health Publication Ltd.; 1999. pp. 197-226.
  • Özerdoğan N, Beji NK, Yalçın Ö. Urinary incontinence: its prevalence, risk factors and effects on the quality of life of women living in a region of Turkey. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2004; 58: 145-150.
  • Oh SJ, Hong SK, Son H, Paick JS, Ku JH. Quality of life and disease severity in Korean women with stress urinary incontinence. Urology 2005; 66: 69-73.
  • Özdemir S, Çelebi İ, Nurullahoğlu N, Ark CH. Distribution of patients with urinary incontinence admitted to our urogynecology clinic. Genel Tıp Dergi 2006; 16: 49-52 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Van Oyen H, Van Oyen P. Urinary incontinence in Belgium; prevalence, correlates and psychosocial consequences. Acta Clin Belg 2002; 57: 207-218.
  • Schorsch I, Soljanik I, Stanislaus P, Bauer R, Mayer M, Hocaoglu Y, Becker A, May F. Causes and diagnosis of female urinary incontinence. MMW Fortschr Med 2007; 149: 27-29.
  • Benlioğlu C. A study of prevalence of urinary incontinence in women aged above 15 years in Kahramanmaraş City Center. Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 2006 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Velazquez MM, Bustos LHH, Rojas PG, Oviedo OG, Neri RES, Sánchez CC. Prevalence and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence. A population base study. Gynecol Obstet Mex 2007; 75: 347-356.
  • Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. BMI, waist circumference, and incident urinary incontinence in older women. Obesity 2008; 16: 881-886.
  • Peyrat L, Haillot O, Bruyere F, Boutin JM, Bertrand P, Lanson Y. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in young and middle-aged women. BJU Int 2002; 89: 61-66.
  • Kocaöz S. Determination of prevalence and associated factors of stress urinary incontinence in women living in the region of Etimesgut Community Clinic No. II. Thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, 2001.
  • Thom DH, Brown JS, Schembri M, Ragins AI, Subak LL, Van Den Eeden SK. Incidence of and risk factors for change in urinary incontinence status in a prospective cohort of middleaged and older women: The Reproductive Risk of Incontinence Study in Kaiser (RRISK). J Urol 2010; 184: 1394-1401.
  • Wu XH, Liu XX, Xie KH, Wang RM, Wu YX, Liu YG. Prevalence and related factors of urinary incontinence among Hebei women of China. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2011; 71: 262- 267.
  • Maggi S, Minicuci N, Langlois J, Pavan M, Enzi G, Crepaldi G. Prevalence rate of urinary incontinence in community-d welling elderly individuals: the Veneto study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56: 14-18.
  • Brown JS, Sawaya G, Thom DH, Grady D. Hysterectomy and urinary incontinence: a systemic review. Lancet 2000; 356: 535- 539.
  • Çoban A, Şirin A. Urogenital system problems in elderly women and nursing approach. Turk Geriatri Derg 2003; 6: 80- 83 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Altintas R, Beytur A, Oguz F, Tasdemir C, Kati B, Cimen S, Colak C, Gunes A. Assessment of urinary incontinence in women in eastern Turkey. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 24: 1977- 1982.
  • Blakeman PJ, Hilton P, Bulmer JN. Mapping estrogen and progesterone receptors throughout the female lower urinary tract. Neurourol Urodyn 1996; 15: 324-325.
  • Pang MW, Leung HY, Chan LW, Yip SK. The impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life among women in Hong Kong. Hong Kon Med J 2005; 11: 158-163.
  • Van Brummen HJ, Bruinse HW, Van de Pol G, Heintz AP, Van der Vaart CH. What is the effect of over active bladder symptoms on women’s quality of life during and after first pregnancy? BJU Int 2006; 97: 296-300.
  • Papanicolaou S, Hunskaar S, Lose G, Sykes D. Assessment of bothersomeness and impact on quality of life of urinary incontinence in women in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. BJU Int 2005; 96: 831-838.
  • Dooley Y, Lowenstein L, Kenton K, Fitz Gerald M, Brubaker L. Mixed incontinence is more bothersome than pure incontinence subtypes. Int Urogynecol J 2008; 19: 1359-1362.