Short time variations of winter phytoplankton, nutrient and chlorophyll a of Kepez Harbor in the Dardanelles (Çanakkale Strait, Turkey)

Bu çalışma, Aralık 2004-Mart 2005 periyodunu içeren kış döneminde, Çanakkale Boğazı Kepez limanının yüzey sularında besin tuzu ve diğer çevresel parametrelerle ilişkili olarak fitoplankton yoğunluğu ve klorofil a’nın kısa zaman serili değişimlerini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Ortalama sıcaklık, tuzluluk, pH, spesifik iletkenlik, TDS, DO, TSS, NO- 2+NO- 3, PO-3 4, SiO4 ve klorofil a düzeyleri sırasıyla 9.47°C, 27.5 ppt, 8,12, 42,86 mS $cm^ {-1}$, 27,86 g $L^ {-1}$, 9,23 mg $L^ {-1}$, 27,1 mg $L^ {-1}$, 0,43 μM, 0,23 μM, 2,91 μM, 1,919 μg $L^ {-1}$ olarak ölçüldü. Hem N:P (1,78) ve hem Si:P oranları (14,9) optimum Redfield asimilasyon oranından oldukça düşüktü. Toplam fitoplankton yoğunluğu 8,25E+04 ve 4,71E+06 hücre L-1 arasında değişim gösterdi. Çanakkale Boğazında fitoplankton kommunite yapısı 3 dinoflagellat ve 4 diatom türü tarafından kontrol edildiği gözlendi. Bununla birlikte, Aralık ayı başında (2,36E+06 hücre $L^ {-1}$) ve Şubat ayı sonunda (1,57E+06 hücre $L^ {-1}$) kokkolitoforid Emiliania huxleyi türünün ve Şubat ayı başında ise Dictyocha spp. gibi bazı silikoflagellat türlerinin önemli üremeleri (2,36E+05 Cells $L^ {-1}$) görüldü. Diatomların toplam fitoplankton yoğunluğuna olan katkısı (%48,8) dinoflagellatların (%30,9) ve diğer taksonomik grupların katkısından (%20,3) çok daha yüksekdi. Klorofil a ve diatomlar (r=0,726), klorofil a ve dinoflagellatlar (r=0,579), klorofil a ve diğer taksonomik gruplar (r=0,514) arasındaki korelasyon ilişkileri, klorofil a’nın dinoflagellatlar ve diğer taksonomik gruplardan daha ziyade diyatomlar tarafından kontrol edildiğini göstermiştir. Diğer taraftan, fitoplanktonun kısa zaman serili değişimleri, kış döneminde 7 farklı fitoplankton populasyon eğrisinin geliştiğini göstermiştir. Türk Boğazlar Sistemi yoluyla Karadeniz’den gelen yüksek karasal girdiler ve uluslar arası gemi taşımacılık aktiviteleri nedeniyle, yüksek klorofil a, yüksek besin tuzu konsantrasyonu, yüksek fitoplankton yoğunluğu ve büyük taksonomik gruplar arasındaki değişen oransal farklılıklar Çanakkale Boğazı’nın ötrofik bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

algler, su sıcaklığı, askıdaki katı madde, tuzluluk, fosfor, fosfat, pH, nitrojen dioksit, azot, iletkenlik, fitoplankton, besin maddesi içeriği, Türkiye, sucul bitkiler, klorofil, çözünmüş oksijen

Çanakkale Boğazı Kepez Limanında kış dönemi fitoplankton, nütrient ve klorofil a düzeylerinde kısa zaman serili değişimler

This study was carried out to determine the short time series of phytoplankton density and chlorophyll a in relation to nutrients and other environmental parameters in surface waters of Kepez Harbor in the Dardanelles in winter period of 02 December 2004 and 07 March 2005. Average temperature, salinity, pH, specific conductivity, TDS, DO, TSS, NO- 2+NO- 3, PO-34, SiO4 and chlorophyll a were measured 9.47°C, 27.5 ppt, 8.12, 42.86 mS $cm^ {-1}$, 27.86 g $L^ {-1}$, 9.23 mg $L^ {-1}$, 27.1 mg $L^ {-1}$, 0.43 μM, 0.23 μM, 2.91 μM, 1.919 μg $L^ {-1}$, respectively. Both N:P (1.78) and Si:P ratios (14.9) were significantly lower than the assimilatory optimal Redfield ratio. Total phytoplankton density varied between 8.25E+04 and 4.71E+06 Cell $L^ {-1}$. Phytoplankton community structure was observed to be controlled by 3 dinoflagellates and 4 diatoms in the Dardanelles. However, also there were blooms of coccolithophoride Emiliania huxleyi in early December (2.36E+06 Cells $L^ {-1}$) and late February (1.57E+06 Cells $L^ {-1}$) and some silicoflagellates such as Dictyocha spp. in early February (2.36E+05 Cells $L^ {-1}$). Contribution of diatoms to total phytoplankton density (48.8%) was higher than the contribution of dinoflagellates (30.9%) and other taxonomic groups (20.3%). Relationships between chlorophyll a and diatoms (r=0.726), between chlorophyll a and dinoflagellates (r=0.579) and between chlorophyll a and other taxonomic groups (r=0.514) showed that chlorophyll a was highly controlled by diatoms than dinoflagellates and other taxonomic groups. On the other hand, short time distribution of phytoplankton revealed that there was growing 7 phytoplankton populations in the winter period. High chlorophyll a, nutrient, phytoplankton density and rational differences between major taxonomic groups revealed that the Dardanelles was connected with the process of eutrophication due to high terrestrial discharges coming from Black Sea surface waters via straits system and international carrying activities by vessels.

Keywords:

algae, water temperature, suspended solids, salinity, phosphorus, phosphate, pH, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen, conductivity, phytoplankton, nutrient content, Turkey, aquatic plants, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen,

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