RAHİME ORAL, Maria KOSTOPOULOU, Marco GUIDA, Anastasia NIKOLAOU, Françoise QUINIOU, Marco TRIFUOGGI, Ilaria BORRIELLO, Maria VAGI, Antonello D AMBRA, Giovanni PAGANO

Marine Sediment contamination and Toxicity in Izmir Bay and Mytilene Harbor (Aegean Sea)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir Körfezi (Türkiye) ve Midilli Limanı (Yunanistan) bölgelerinden alınan sediment ve gözenek suyunda denizel bulaşmanın ve toksisitenin değerlendirilmesidir. Değerlendirme seçilmiş toksik metaller, polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) bileşikleri ve deniz kestanesi (Paracentrotus lividus) erken gelişimi ile fertilizasyonu üzerine toksisitesi açısından yapıldı. Midilliye göre İzmir sedimentlerinde daha yüksek metal ve toplam PAH değerleri tespit edildi. En fazla kirlenme İzmir Körfezinin iç bölgelerinde belirlendi. Biyodeneyler, sediment/deniz suyu karışımlarına maruz kalan deniz kestanesi embriyoları ve spermlerinin gelişim bozuklukları ve fertilizasyon başarısındaki değişiklikler değerlendirilerek P. lividus embriyo ve spermleri ile gerçekleştirildi. Hem gelişim bozuklukları ve hem de spermiyotoksisite açısından tüm sediment (TS), Midilliye göre İzmir örneklerinde daha yüksek toksisite gösterdi. Gözenek suyu (GS) ve katı faz (KF), TSin santrifüjü ile ayrılarak embriyolar ve spermlerle test edildi. Gelişim bozukluklarının indüksiyonu KF ve hatta GS ile karşılaştırıldığında TS önemli derecede yüksek toksisite gösterdi. Hem İzmir ve hem de Midilli KF sediment örneklerine maruz kalan spermlerde döllenme başarısında belirgin bir azalma gözlenirken GSna maruz kalan spermlerin döllenme başarısında ve kontrollerde herhangi bir azalma görülmedi. TS biyoteslerinin kullanımı özellikle kirli sedimentlerin topografik karakterizasyonu için sediment toksisitesinin test edilmesinde varsayılan bir yöntem olarak önerilmektedir.

İzmir Körfezi ve Midilli Limanı nda (Ege Denizi) denizel sediment bulaşması ve toksisitesi

The aim of the present study was to evaluate marine contamination and toxicity in sediment and pore water from the areas of Izmir Bay (Turkey) and Mytilene Harbor (Greece). The evaluation was performed in terms of selected toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH) and toxicity to sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) early development and fertilization. Significantly higher levels of metals and total PAH were detected in Izmir vs. Mytilene sediment, and the highest contamination was detected in Izmir Bay innermost sites. Bioassays were carried out in P. lividus embryos and sperm, by evaluating developmental defects and changes in fertilization success by exposing sea urchin embryos or sperm to sediment/seawater suspensions. Whole sediment (WS) showed a higher toxicity of Izmir vs. Mytilene samples both in terms of developmental defects and of spermiotoxicity. Pore water (PW) and solid phase (SP) were separated by WS centrifugation and tested on embryos or sperm. The induction of developmental defects showed a significantly higher toxicity of WS compared to SP and, even more so, to PW. A significant decrease in fertilization success was observed following sperm suspension in SP from both Izmir and Mytilene sediment samples, whereas PW-exposed sperm failed to display any decrease of fertilization success vs. controls. The use of WS bioassays is suggested as a default procedure in sediment toxicity testing, especially in a topographic characterization of polluted sediments.

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