M. KUMLU, Ziya M. KIR, Yılmaz Ö. İKİZOĞLU, M. GÖÇER, O. T. EROLDOĞAN

Growth of over-wintered and pre-seasonally produced post-larvae of Penaeus semisulcatus in the subtropics

Türkiye’nin yarı-tropik iklim şartlarında, kışlatılmış veya mevsim-öncesinde üretilmiş olan Penaeus semisulcatus’un yarı-entansif ve entansif sistemlerdeki havuz/tank kültür koşullarında büyüme performansı çalışılmıştır. A Havuzunda, mevsim-öncesinde üretilen post-larvalar (PL) 0,06 g günlük büyüme oranıyla (GBO), 140 günde, 0,2 g’dan 22,6 g’a kadar doğrusal bir şekilde büyümüştür (Y = 0.19X- 2,69; $R^ 2$ = 0,97). B Havuzunda, kışlatılmış yavrular ilk 30 gün içerisinde 0.41 g GBO ile (14,42 g’lık canlı ağırlık kazancı) ve 30. ile 140. günler arasında ise 0,13 g GBO ile (14,32 g canlı ağırlık kazancı) 3,8 g’dan 30,5 g’a kadar ulaşmışlardır. Bu grup için regresyon büyüme eşitliği Y = 9,62 Log (X) + 4,51 ($R^ 2$ = 0,99) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışma, bu penaeid karides türünde kışlatma periyodu esnasındaki açlığın telafi büyüme üzerine olan etkisini ilk kez ortaya koymuştur. Kış aylarındaki yem kısıntısı ve ardından uygun yetiştiricilik koşulları ve yeniden besleme telafi büyüme ile sonuçlanmıştır. Telafi büyüme periyodunda (yeniden beslenmenin başlatıldığı ilk ay) karidesler ortalama hafta da 2,87 g canlı ağırlık kazanmış, ancak bu dönem sonrasındaki büyütme periyodunun geri kalan kısmında (2. ve 5. aylar arasında) haftalık büyüme oranı 0,91 g’a (3 kattan daha az) kadar düşmüştür. Bu önemli öncü bulgu üzerinde yürütülmesi gerekli olan çalışmalar, düşük su sıcaklıklarında açlık ve yeniden besleme stratejisi ile yarı-tropik bölgelerde karideslerin pazarlama boyutlarının irileştirilebilmesi ve hatta yılda iki ürün alınabilmesine olanak yaratabilecektir. Karidesler (0,2 g), 140 gün içerisinde, 30 adet/$m^ 2$ PL stok yoğunluğunda 13,7 g’a (GBO 0,10 g) ve 40-50 adet/$m^ 2$ PL yoğunluğunda ise 6,44-7,37 g’a (GBO 0,05 g) ulaşmışlardır. Elde edilen ürün miktarı yarı-entansif havuzlarda 880-1.150 kg/ha, entansif havuzlarda ise 1.597- 2.673 kg/ha olarak hesaplanmıştır. Beton havuzlarda büyütülen karidesler daha da düşük bir performans göstermiş ve bu havuzlardan sadece 879 ile 793 kg/ha ürün alınabilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

gelişme dönemleri, yem çevirimi, yarıtropik, entansif üretim, kışlama, Penaeus semisulcatus, büyüme, larva

Yarı-tropik koşullarda kışlatılmış ve mevsim-öncesinde üretilmiş olan Penaeus semisulcatus postlarvalarında büyüme

Growth performance of Penaeus semisulcatus under semi-intensive and intensive systems in pond/tank culture conditions with pre-seasonally or over-wintered animals was studied in sub-tropical climate conditions of Turkey. In Pond A, the pre-seasonally produced post-larvae (PL) grew linearly from 0.2 g to 22.6 g in 140 days (Y = 0.19 X- 2.69; $R^ 2$ = 0.97) with DGR (daily growth rate) of 0.06 g $day^ {-1}$. In Pond B, the over-wintered juveniles grew from 3.8 g to 30.5 g with DGR of 0.41 g during the first 30 days (weight gain of 14.42 g) and 0.13 g between 30 and 140 days (weight gain of 14.32 g). Regression equation for growth was calculated to be Y = 9.62 Log (X) + 4.51 ($R^ 2$ = 0.99). Compensatory growth due to starvation or over-winter fasting has, for the first time, been demonstrated in this penaeid shrimp species in the present study. Food deprivation during the winter months resulted in growth compensation after refeeding under appropriate culture conditions. During the compensatory growth period (first month after re-feeding), the shrimps gained an average weight of 2.87 g wee$k^ {-1}$, but after this period, growth rate declined to 0.91 g wee$k^ {-1}$ (over three-fold less) for the rest of the growth period (between $2^ {nd}$ and $5^ {th}$ months). This preliminary finding is a promising area on which studies should be focused on, as fasting and re-feeding strategy at low temperature can provide a chance to increase marketable size of shrimps or to even produce two crops per year in the sub-tropics. The shrimps (0.2 g) reached to 13.7 g at 30 PL per $m^ 2$ (DGR 0.10 g), 6.44-7.37 g (DGR 0.05 g) at 40-50 PL per $m^ 2$ in 140 days. The estimated yields were 880-1,150 kg $ha^ {-1}$ in semi-intensive ponds and 1,597-2,673 kg $ha^ {-1}$ in intensive ponds. The shrimps grown in concrete Tanks displayed even poorer growth performance resulting in only 879 kg and 793 kg $ha^ {-1}$ of yield.

Keywords:

developmental stages, feed conversion, subtropics, intensive production, overwintering, Penaeus semisulcatus, growth, larvae,

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