Effects of Stocking Density on Growth, Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Levels and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Anguilla marmorata in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

We conducted a 71-day experiment to investigate the effects of stocking density in a recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) on the growth performance, body composition, digestive activity, and blood biochemical parameters of the marbled eelAnguilla marmorata. We stocked marbled eel in 1.0 m3 tanks at stocking densities of 12, 20, and 28 kg/m3, which weredesignated the low-density (LD), medium-density (MD) and high-density (HD) groups. The fish weighed 169.72 ± 2.75 g atthe baseline level. Results revealed that the fish in the LD and MD groups had a higher ash content than fish in the HD group.The crude lipid content was significantly lower in the MD and HD groups than in the LD group. The protease activities in thestomach and intestine did not differ among the three groups. The total protein and aspartate aminotransferase levels werehigher in the LD group than in the MD group. The alanine aminotransferase level was significantly lower in the LD group.These results indicate that a greater increase resulted in stress and significantly affected the growth of the fish. The optimumstocking density of A. marmorata can be achieved at 20.0 kg/m3 in a RAS.

___

Albalat, A., Gómez-Requeni, P., Rojas, P., Medale, F., Kaushik, S., & Van, d. T. G., et al. (2005). Nutritional and hormonal control of lipolysis in isolated gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) adipocytes. Ajp Regulatory Integrative & Comparative Physiology, 289(1), R259- 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00574.2004

Ashley, P. J. (2007). Fish welfare: current issues in aquaculture. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104(3–4), 199-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.09.001

Badiola, M., Mendiola, D., & Bostock, J. (2012). Recirculating aquaculture systems (ras) analysis: main issues on management and future challenges. Aquacultural Engineering, 51(6), 26-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.07.004

Bagley, M. J., Bentley, B., & Gall, G. A. E. (1994). A genetic evaluation of the influence of stocking density on the early growth of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 121(94), 313–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90267-4

Barton, B. A., & Iwama, G. K. (1991). Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 1(1), 3-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(91)90019- G

Barton, B. A. (2002). Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative & Comparative Biology, 42(3), 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.3.517

Borlongan, I. G. (1990). Studies on the digestive lipases of milkfish, chanos chanos. Aquaculture, 89(3), 315-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(90)90135-A

Camilladiesen, H., Jannicke, H., Sigurdo, H., Sveinung, F., & Sigurdo, S. (2009). Effects of fish density on growth and smoltification in intensive production of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). Aquaculture, 294(3– 4), 236-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.003

Carranzo, I. V. (2012). Apha, awwa, wef. "standard methods for examination of water and wastewater.". Anales De Hidrología Médica, 5(2).

Costas, B., Aragão, C., & Dias, J. (2013). Interactive effects of a high-quality protein diet and high stocking density on the stress response and some innate immune parameters of senegalese sole solea senegalensis. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 39(5), 1141-1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-013-9770-1

Ellis, T., North, B., Scott, A. P., Bromage, N. R., Porter, M., & Gadd, D. (2005). The relationships between stocking density and welfare in farmed rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 61(3), 493-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00893.x

Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226(1), 497-509.

Gang, L., Tan, H., Luo, G., & Sun, D. C. (2010). Effect of density on scortum barcoo, (mcculloch & waite) juvenile performance in circular tanks. Aquaculture Research, 41(12), 1898–1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02556.x

Hao, X., Ling, Q., & Hong, F. (2014). Effects of dietary selenium on the pathological changes and oxidative stress in loach (paramisgurnus dabryanus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 40(5), 1313-1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-014-9926-7

Hecht, T., & Uys, W. (1997). Effect of density on the feeding and aggressive behaviour in juvenile african catfish, clarias gariepinus. South African Journal of Science, 93, 537-541.

Heinsbroek, L. T. N., Hooff, P. L. A. V., Swinkels, W., Tanck, M. W. T., Schrama, J. W., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2007). Effects of feed composition on life history developments in feed intake, metabolism, growth and body composition of european eel, anguilla anguilla. Aquaculture, 267(1–4), 175-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.03.028

Hengsawat, K., Ward, F. J., & Jaruratjamorn, P. (1997). The effect of stocking density on yield, growth and mortality of african catfish ( clarias gariepinus, burchell 1822) cultured in cages. Aquaculture, 152(1– 4), 67-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00008-2

Herrera, M., Vargaschacoff, L., Hachero, I., Ruízjarabo, I., Rodiles, A., & Navas, J. I., et al. (2009). Physiological responses of juvenile wedge sole dicologoglossa cuneata (moreau) to high stocking density. Aquaculture Research, 40(7), 790–797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02162.x

Hsieh, T. J., Fustier, P., Zhang, S. L., Filep, J. G., Tang, S. S., & Ingelfinger, J. R., et al. (2003). High glucose stimulates angiotensinogen gene expression and cellhypertrophy via activation of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in rat kidney proximal tubular cells. Endocrinology., 144(10), 4338-4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0220

Huising, M. O., Geven, E. J., Kruiswijk, C. P., Nabuurs, S. B., Stolte, E. H., & Spanings, F. A., et al. (2006). Increased leptin expression in common carp (cyprinus carpio) after food intake but not after fasting or feeding to satiation. Endocrinology, 147(12), 5786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0824

Jacoby, D. M. P., Casselman, J. M., Crook, V., Delucia, M. B., Ahn, H., & Kaifu, K., et al. (2015). Synergistic patterns of threat and the challenges facing global anguillid eel conservation. Global Ecology & Conservation, 4, 321-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.07.009

Laizcarrión, R., Viana, I. R., Cejas, J. R., Ruizjarabo, I., Jerez, S., & Martos, J. A., et al. (2012). Influence of food deprivation and high stocking density on energetic metabolism and stress response in red porgy, pagrus pagrus l. Aquaculture International, 20(3), 585-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-011-9488-y

Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265.

Luo, G., Liu, G., & Tan, H. X. (2013). Effects of stocking density and food deprivation-related stress on the physiology and growth in adult scortum barcoo, (mcculloch & waite). Aquaculture Research, 44(44), 885–894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03093.x

Luo, M., Guan, R., Li, Z., & Jin, H. (2013). The effects of water temperature on the survival, feeding, and growth of the juveniles of anguilla marmorata and a. bicolor pacifica. Aquaculture, s 400–401(2), 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.03.003

Marchand, F., & Boisclair, D. (2011). Influence of fish density on the energy allocation pattern of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 55(4), 796-805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-55-4-796

Montero, D., Izquierdo, M. S., Tort, L., & Robaina, L. (1999). High stocking density produces crowding stress altering some physiological and biochemical parameters in gilthead seabream, sparus aurata, juveniles. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 20(1), 53-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007719928905

North, B. P., Turnbull, J. F., Ellis, T., Porter, M. J., Migaud, H., & Bron, J., et al. (2006). The impact of stocking density on the welfare of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss ). Aquaculture, 255(1–4), 466- 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.004

Salas-Leiton, E., Anguis, V., Manchado, M., & Cañavate, J. P. (2008). Growth, feeding and oxygen consumption of senegalese sole ( solea senegalensis ) juveniles stocked at different densities. Aquaculture, 285(1–4), 84-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.001

Salas-Leiton, E., Anguis, V., Martín-Antonio, B., Crespo, D., Planas, J. V., & Infante, C., et al. (2010). Effects of stocking density and feed ration on growth and gene expression in the senegalese sole (solea senegalensis): potential effects on the immune response. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 28(2), 296- 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.11.006

Sophie, S., Emmanuelleroque, D., Eric, G., Gilles, L., Gilles, B., & Giovanna, M., et al. (2009). The effect of density on sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) performance in a tank-based recirculating system. Aquacultural Engineering, 40(2), 72-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.11.004

Sheridan, M. A., & Mommsen, T. P. (1991). Effects of nutritional state on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch. General & Comparative Endocrinology, 81(3), 473- 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(91)90175-6

Sloman, K. A., & Armstrong, J. D. (2002). Physiological effects of dominance hierarchies: laboratory artefacts or natural phenomena?. Journal of Fish Biology, 61(1), 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01733.x

Toko, I., Fiogbe, E. D., Koukpode, B., & Kestemont, P. (2007). Rearing of african catfish (clarias gariepinus) and vundu catfish (heterobranchus longifilis) in traditional fish ponds (whedos): effect of stocking density on growth, production and body composition. Aquaculture, 262(1), 65-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.08.054

Trenzado, C. E., Morales, A. E., & Higuera, M. D. L. (2006). Physiological effects of crowding in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, selected for low and high stress responsiveness. Aquaculture, 258(1–4), 583- 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.045

Vijayan, M. M., Ballantyne, J. S., & Leatherland, J. F. (1990). High stocking density alters the energy metabolism of brook charr, salvelinus fontinalis. Aquaculture, 88(3), 371-381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(90)90162-G

Zhu, Y. J., Yang, D. G., Chen, J. W., Yi, J. F., Liu, W. C., & Zhao, J. H. (2011). An evaluation of stocking density in the cage culture efficiency of amur sturgeon acipenser schrenckii. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), 545–549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439- 0426.2011.01675.x
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences-Cover
  • ISSN: 1303-2712
  • Başlangıç: 2015
  • Yayıncı: Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü - Trabzon
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Insulin-Like Androgenic Gland Hormone Gene in the Freshwater Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis:cDNA Cloning, Expression Pattern and Interaction with EsIGFBP7

Kun SONG, Tianshuo XU, Yanan Zang, Ali SERWADDA, Tianhao DAI, Yuanchao MA, Huaishun SHEN

The Economies of Scale of Turbot Industrial Running Water Aquaculture System in China: A Case from Shandong Province

Pingping CANG, Zhengyong YANG, Yu DUAN

Metazoan Parasite Fauna of the Red Mullet, Mullus barbatusponticus Essipov, 1927 in the Sinop Coasts of the Black Sea

Turkay ÖZTÜRK, Ali YEŞİL

The Correlation between the Differences in NUCB2/Nesfatin(NES) Peptide Levels and Body Weight, Lenght and Gender in Alburnus tarichi

Fatma CAF, Sibel KÖPRÜCÜ, Sermin ALGÜL, Mustafa KOYUN, Ataman Altuğ ATICI

Prediction of Potential Hybridization between Three Major Carps in Ravi River (Punjab, Pakistan) Basin by Using Microsatellite Markers

Shakeela PARVEEN, Khalid ABBAS, Muhammad AFZAL, Mumtaz HUSSAIN

Compensatory Growth Response in Oreochromis mossambicus Submitted to Short-Term Cycles of Feed Deprivation and Refeeding

Ndakalimwe Naftal GABRİEL, Edosa OMOREGIE, Tjipute MARTIN, Lesley KUKURI, Lahjia SHILOMBWELWA

Formulating an Early Stakeholder Involvement Plan for Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Catanduanes Island, Philippines

Jimmy MASAGCA, Minerva MORALES, Aurora ARAOJO, Sonia SAPICO, Estrella TRIBIANA, Meda MERCADO

Photoperiodic Modulation on Growth and Behaviour of the Giant Gourami, Trichogaster fasciata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)

Farah BANO, Mohammad SERAJUDDIN

Reproductive Biology of the Common Pandora Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) of Oran Bay (Algerian West Coasts)

Hadjer MAHDI, Lotfi Bensahla TALET, Zitouni BOUTİBA

The Optimization of Wide-Type Zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) Reproduction in Low Temperatures under Controlled Conditions

Dariusz KUCHARCZYK, Pawel STEPIEN, Joanna NOWOSAD, Krzysztof KUPREN, Katarzyna TARGONSKA, Roman KUJAWA