pRediCS: A new GO-PO-based ray launching simulator for the calculation of electromagnetic scattering and RCS from electrically large and complex structures

In this paper, we present a new simulator called pRediCS for the calculation of electromagnetic scattering and radar cross-section (RCS) from electrically large and complex targets. The simulator utilizes the geometric optics (GO) theory and launching of electromagnetic rays for tracing and calculating the electric field values as the electromagnetic waves bounce around the target. The physical optics (PO) theory is also exploited to calculate the final scattered electric field by calculating the far-field PO integration along the observation direction. The simulator is first tested with known objects of canonical shapes, whose analytical solutions are available in the literature. Next, our implemented GO-PO-type algorithm is validated by simulating the benchmark targets that have been well studied and documented by various studies. Finally, the RCS computation from complex and electrically large objects is calculated. By utilizing the RCS values for different frequencies and aspects, a successful inverse synthetic aperture radar image of the target with fast simulation time is achieved.

pRediCS: A new GO-PO-based ray launching simulator for the calculation of electromagnetic scattering and RCS from electrically large and complex structures

In this paper, we present a new simulator called pRediCS for the calculation of electromagnetic scattering and radar cross-section (RCS) from electrically large and complex targets. The simulator utilizes the geometric optics (GO) theory and launching of electromagnetic rays for tracing and calculating the electric field values as the electromagnetic waves bounce around the target. The physical optics (PO) theory is also exploited to calculate the final scattered electric field by calculating the far-field PO integration along the observation direction. The simulator is first tested with known objects of canonical shapes, whose analytical solutions are available in the literature. Next, our implemented GO-PO-type algorithm is validated by simulating the benchmark targets that have been well studied and documented by various studies. Finally, the RCS computation from complex and electrically large objects is calculated. By utilizing the RCS values for different frequencies and aspects, a successful inverse synthetic aperture radar image of the target with fast simulation time is achieved.

___

  • Rius JM, Ferrando M, Jofre L. High-frequency RCS of complex radar targets in real-time. IEEE T Antenn Propag 1993; 41: 1308–1319.
  • Domingo M, Rivas F, Perez J, Torres RP, Catedra MF. Computation of the RCS of complex bodies modeled using NURBS surfaces. IEEE Antennas Propag 1995; 37: 36–47.
  • Umashankar K, Taflove A. A novel method to analyze electromagnetic scattering of complex objects. IEEE T Electromagn C 1982; 24: 397–405.
  • Luebbers R, Steich D, Kunz K. FDTD calculation of scattering from frequency-dependent materials. IEEE T Antenn Propag 1993; 41: 1249–1257.
  • Sankar A, Tong TC. Current computation on complex structures by finite-element method. Electron Lett 1975; 11: 481–482.
  • Erg¨ul ¨O, Malas T, G¨urel L. Solutions of large-scale electromagnetics problems using an iterative inner-outer scheme with ordinary and approximate multilevel fast multipole algorithms. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 2010; 106: 203–223.
  • Manyas A, G¨urel L. Memory-efficient multilevel physical optics algorithm for fast computation of scattering from three-dimensional complex targets. In: Computational Electromagnetics Workshop; 30–31 August 2007; ˙Izmir, Turkey. pp. 26–30.
  • Pan XM, Pi WC, Yang ML, Peng Z, Sheng XQ. Solving problems with over one billion unknowns by the MLFMA. IEEE T Antenn Propag 2012; 60: 2571–2574.
  • Deschamps GA. Ray techniques in electromagnetic. P IEEE 1972; 60: 1022–1035.
  • Lee SW, Sheshadri MS, Jamnejad V, Mittra R. Reflection at a curved dielectric interface: geometrical optics solution. IEEE T Microw Theory 1982; 30: 12–19.
  • Balanis CA. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2012.
  • Tzoulis A, Eibert TF. A hybrid FEBI-MLFMM-UTD method for numerical solutions of electromagnetic problems including arbitrarily shaped and electrically large objects. IEEE T Antenn Propag 2005; 53: 3358–3366.
  • Ling H, Chou RC, Lee SW. Shooting and bouncing rays: calculating the RCS of an arbitrarily shaped cavity, IEEE T Antenn Propag 1989; 37: 194–205.
  • Ling H, Lee SW, Chou RC. High frequency RCS of open cavities with rectangular and circular cross sections. IEEE T Antenn Propag 1989; 37: 648–654.
  • Jin JM, Ling F, Carolan ST, Song JM, Gibson WC, Chew WC, Lu CC, Kipp R. A hybrid SBR/MoM technique for analysis of scattering from small protrusions on a large conducting body. IEEE T Antenn Propag 1998; 49: 1349–1357.
  • Tao Y, Lin H, Bao H. GPU-based shooting and bouncing ray method for fast RCS prediction. IEEE T Antenn Propag 2010; 58: 494–502.
  • Chen SH, Jeng SK. An SBR-image approach for radio wave propagation in indoor environments with metallic furniture. IEEE T Antenn Propag 1997; 45: 98–106.
  • Weinmann F. Ray tracing with PO/PTD for RCS modeling of large complex objects. IEEE T Antenn Propag 2006; 54: 1797–1806.
  • Hazlett M, Andersh DJ, Lee SW, Ling H, Yu CL. XPATCH: a high-frequency electromagnetic scattering prediction simulator using shooting and bouncing rays. Proceedings of SPIE 1995; 2469: 266–275.
  • ShipEDF. Simulation Environment for the EM Design of Modern Ship. Pisa, Italy: IDS Ingegneria dei Sistemi S.P.A. Zhang R, Hong J, Ming F. CASpatch: A SAR image simulation simulator to support ATR applications. In: 2nd Asian-Pacific Conference on SAR; 26–30 October 2009, Xian, Shanxi. pp. 502–505.
  • Weinmann F, Nitschkowski J. A SBR simulator with GO-PO for calculating scattered fields from coated surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation; 12–16 April 2010, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 1–4.
  • FEKO Suite 6.0. EM Software and Systems. Available at http://www.feko.info. 2010.
  • Asvestas JS. The physical optics method in electromagnetic scattering. J Math Phys 1980; 21: 290–299.
  • Zhenghong G, Mingliang W. An efficient algorithm for calculating aircraft RCS based on the geometrical charac- teristics. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2008; 21: 296–303.
  • Fernandez-Recio R, Jurado-Lucena A, Errasti-Alcala B, Poyatos-Martinez D, Escot- Bocanegra D, Montiel-Sanchez I. RCS measurements and predictions of different targets for radar benchmark purpose. In: International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications; 14–18 September 2009, Torino, Italy. pp. 443–446.
  • Griesser T, Balanis C. Backscatter analysis of dihedral corner reflectors using physical optics and the physical theory of diffraction. IEEE T Antenn Propag 1987; 35: 1137–1147.
  • Gallman P. Radar Reflectors for Cruising Sailboats: Why They Work, What the Limitations Are and How to Evaluate Them. Los Angeles, CA, USA: Ulyssian Publications, 2005.
  • Woo AC, Wang HTG, Schuh MJ, Sanders ML. EM programmer’s notebook-benchmark radar targets for the validation of computational electromagnetics programs. IEEE Antennas Propag 1993; 35: 84–89.
  • Griesser T, Balanis CA, Liu K. RCS analysis and reduction for lossy dihedral corner reflectors. P IEEE 1989; 77: 806–814.
  • ¨Ozdemir C. Synthetic aperture radar. In: Chang K, editor. The Wiley Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engi- neering. New York, NY, USA: Wiley-Interscience, 2005. pp. 5067–5080.
  • Yılmaz B. Calculation of electromagnetic scattering from large and complex targets and obtaining their inverse synthetic aperture radar images. MSc, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey, 2008.
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0632
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Reliability-based maintenance scheduling of generating units in restructured power systems

Mahmud FOTUHI-FIRUZABAD, Farrokh AMINIFAR, Abbas SHAHZADEH

Class-E GaAs HBT power amplifier with passive linearization scheme for mobile wireless communications

Uthirajoo ESWARAN, Harikrishnan RAMIAH, Jeevan KANESAN, Ahmed Wasif REZA

Digital control system design and analyses of a 3-phase bearingless induction motor

Wenshao BU, Conglin ZU, Shaojie WANG, Shenghua HUANG

Solving a new bi-objective joint replenishment inventory model with modified RAND and genetic algorithms

Comparative learning global particle swarm optimization for optimal distributed generations' output

Jasrul Jamani JAMIAN, Hazlie MOKHLIS, Mohd Wazir MUSTAFA, Mohd Noor ABDULLAH, Muhammad Arif BAHARUDIN

Application of Hilbert--Huang transform and support vector machine for detection and classification of voltage sag sources

Alireza FOROUGHI, Ebrahim MOHAMMADI, Saeid ESMAEILI

pRediCS: A new GO-PO-based ray launching simulator for the calculation of electromagnetic scattering and RCS from electrically large and complex structures

Caner ÖZDEMIR, Betül YILMAZ, Özkan KIRIK

Performance of exhaustive search with parallel agents

Toni Draganov STOJANOVSKI

A new approach of nonblind watermarking methods based on DWT and SVD via LU decomposition

Onur JANE, Ersin ELBAŞI

Sliding mode controller design with fractional order differentiation: applications for unstable time delay systems

Celaleddin YEROĞLU, Gürkan KAVURAN