Volker WILDE, Torsten UTESCHER, Abdul R. ASHRAF, Andreas DREIST, Karen DYBKJÆR, Jörg PROSS, Volker MOSBRUGGER

Variability of neogene continental climates in Northwest Europe – a detailed study based on microfloras

Özet: Bu çalışmada, Kuzeybatı Avrupa’nın Neojen’inden ayrıntılı bir karasal paleoiklimsel kayıt sunulmaktadır. Burdigaliyen’den Zankleyan’a kadar olan zaman aralığı içinde, Alt Rhine Havzası’ndan (KB Almanya) karasal ve deniz kıyısı çökellerini içeren karşılaştırılmış 5 kesitten alınmış palinomorf örnekleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu kesitlerdeki bağımsız zaman kontrolü sekans stratigrafisi ile sağlanmıştır. 1470 mikroflorayı temel alan, 3 sıcaklık (yıllık ortalama sıcaklık değeri, sıcak ve soğuk ayların ortalaması) ve 4 yağış değişkenleri (yıllık ortalama yağış miktarı, en kurak, en nemli ve en ılık aylara ait ortalama yağış miktarları) fosil taksaların yaşayan en yakın akrabalarının iklimsel gereksin imlerini temel alan Birarada Olma Yaklaşımı yöntemi ile hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, mevcut sonuçlardaki mikrofloraya dayalı verilerin iklimsel çözünürlüklerindeki bilinen sınırlamalar, daha önce makrofloralardan yeniden düzenlendiği gibi Kuzeybatı Avrupa’nın karasal Neojen iklimsel evrimindeki temel gidişleri doğrulamaktadır ve daha kısa zaman cetvellerindeki iklimsel değişimi açığa çıkarmaktadır. Bulgularımız, denizel ortam sistemi ile karasal iklimin belirgin bir bağlantısı olduğu fikrini vermektedir. Neojen buzullaşma olaylarıyla bağlantılı (Mi olayları) östatik en düşük deniz seviyesi fazları karasal eğriler üzerine yansıtılmıştır. Karasal kayıtlar da, farklı ölçeklerde ve büyüklüklerde devirsellik göstermektedir. Orta Miyosen ve Tortoniyen’de gözlediğimiz küçük ölçekteki iklimsel değişim, büyük olasılıkla eksantriklik tarafından (100 kyr döngüleri) düzene girer, Langiyen’in ve erken Serravaliyen’in daha sonraki bölümünde 400 kyr döngüleri olarak da ifade edilmiştir. Zaman aralığı boyunca kabul edilen iklimsel değişim, iklimsel değişimlerin oransal olmayan değişiklikleri ile tanımlanmıştır. Miyosen süresince, kış sıcaklığındaki bir düşüşle ifade edilen soğuma genellikle kuraklığa bağlanmıştır. İklim sistemindeki önemli bir değişim, ılık dönemlerin yaz kuraklığı eğiliminde olduğu ve aynı zamanda kısa süreli değişimlerin daha yüksek büyüklüklerde azalan iklim duraylılığına işaret ettiği Pliyosen için gösterilmiştir.

Kuzeybatı Avrupa neojen karasal iklimlerinin değişimi − mikrofloralara dayalı ayrıntılı bir çalışma

Abstract: This study presents a detailed continental palaeoclimate record for the Neogene of Northwestern Europe. Palynomorph samples from continental to marginal marine deposits in 5 correlated sections from the Lower Rhine Basin (NW Germany) covering the time-span from Burdigalian to Zanclean are analysed. Independent time-control in the sections is provided by sequence stratigraphy. Based on 1470 microfloras 3 temperature (mean annual temperature, warm and cold month mean) and 4 precipitation variables (mean annual precipitation, mean monthly precipitation in the driest, wettest and warmest month) are quantifi ed using the Coexistence Approach, a method employing climate requirements of Nearest Living Relatives of fossil taxa. In face of known limitations in climatic resolution of microflora-based data, present results confi rm the major trends in continental Neogene climate evolution of Northwestern Europe as previously reconstructed from macroflora and, in addition, reveal climate change on shorter time scales. Our data suggest a distinct coupling of continental climate with the marine environmental system. Phases of eustatic sea-level lowstand connected to Neogene glaciation events (Mi events) are mirrored in the continental curves. The continental records also show cyclicity at different scales and amplitudes. Small-scale climate variability we observe in the Mid-Miocene and the Tortonian most probably is paced by eccentricity (100 kyr cycles), in the later part of the Langhian and early Serravallian 400 kyr cycles are expressed as well. Along the time-span regarded climate variability is characterized by non-proportional changes of climate variables. During the Miocene, cooling – mainly expressed by a decrease in winter temperature – commonly was connected to drying. A substantial shift of the climate system is indicated for the Pliocene where warm periods tended to be summerdry, at the same time higher amplitudes of short-term changes point to decreasing climate stability.

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