Mehmet Serkan AKKİRAZ, Volker WILDE, Torsten UTESCHER, Angela Anneliese BRUCH, Sariye Duygu ÜÇBAŞ, Volker MOSBRUGGER, Funda AKGÜN

Palaeoflora and climate of lignite-bearing lower−middle Miocene sediments in the Seyitömer and Tunçbilek sub-basins, Kütahya province, northwest Turkey

Özet: Paleoiklim ve vejetasyonu yeniden kurmak için, Kütahya alanının (Seyitömer ve Tunçbilek ast-havzaları) Alt−Orta Miyosen istifl eri incelenmiştir. Sporomorfl arın arasında, zengin bir konifer ormanı baskın bileşenleri oluşturmaktadır ve başlıca ayırtlanmamış Pinaceae, Pinus haploxylon tip, Pinus diploxylon tip, Picea, Cedrus, Cathaya, Keteleeria ve Podocarpus’tan meydana gelmektedir. Polen verileri, bazı eğreltilerin (Osmunda, Polypodiaceae, Schizeaceae) Selaginella ve Lycopodium’ların varlığını da belirtir. Cupressaceae her iki ast-havzanın tüm örneklerinde sıklıkla bulunur ve karışık orman topluluğuna katılırlar. İki odunsu bitki, Castanea-Castanopsis ve her daim yeşil Quercus da topluluklarda baskındır. Paleoiklimi yeniden kurma Birarada Olma Yaklaşımı (KA) yöntemine dayalıdır ve istift e devirsel değişimli ılık-sıcak olduğunu belgelemektedir. Çalışılan istifler boyunca bitki örtüsü belirgin bir değişim göstermemektedir. Polenlerin (örnek, termofi l ve aktotersiyer) miktarındaki küçük değişimler, tortulların çökelimi süresince, küçük ölçekli devirsel sıcaklık ve yağış miktarlarındaki dalgalanmaları belirtmektedir. KA yöntemine göre, yedi iklimsel değişken elde edilmiştir. Sayısal paleoiklimsel veriler, yıllık ortlama sıcaklığın 17−18°C, kış sıcaklıklarının 8−10°C ve yaz sıcaklıklarının 27−28°C olduğunu belirtir. Yıllık yağış miktarı 1200 mm’yi aşmaktadır. En kurak ay yağış miktarı 20 ve 25 mm arasındadır. Nemli ay yağış miktarı büyük çoğunlukla 200 ve 250 mm ve yaz yağış miktarı 100−150 mm arasındadır. Bu veriler, Kütahya alanının Erken−Orta Miyosen süresince sıcak ve günümüzdeki iklimsel kayıtlardan daha fazla yağış aldığını göstermektedir.

Seyitömer ve Tunçbilek ast-havzalarında linyit içerikli alt−orta miyosen tortullarının paleoflorası ve iklimi, Kütahya alanı, kuzeybatı Türkiye

Abstract: Lower–Middle Miocene successions from Kütahya province (Seyitömer and Tunçbilek sub-basins) were analyzed to reconstruct the palaeoclimate and vegetation of the period. A rich coniferous forest formed the dominant components among sporomorphs and consisted mainly of undeterminable Pinaceae, Pinus haploxylon type, Pinus diploxylon type, Picea, Cedrus, Cathaya, Keteleeria and Podocarpus. Pollen data also indicate the presence of some fern taxa (Osmunda, Polypodiaceae, Schizeaceae) Selaginella and Lycopodium. Cupressaceae frequently occur in all samples from both subbasins, and form part of the mixed forest assemblage. Two woody plants Castanea-Castanopsis and evergreen Quercus predominate in the assemblages as well. The reconstruction of palaeoclimate is based on the Coexistence Approach (CA) method and documents subtropical climate with cyclic variation in the sediment sequence. The vegetation does not show a clear change through the sequences studied. Small changes in the quantity of pollen taxa (e.g., thermophilous and arctotertiary) indicate small-scale cyclic temperature and precipitation oscillations during the deposition of the sediments. Using CA, seven palaeoclimate parameters were estimated. Quantitative palaeoclimate data indicate mean annual temperatures of 17−18°C, with winter temperatures of 8−10°C and summer temperatures of 27−28°C. Mean annual precipitation exceeded 1200 mm. The driest month precipitation was between 20 and 25 mm, the wettest month precipitation most frequently ranged between 200 and 250 mm and the summer precipitation was 100−150 mm. These values imply that the Kütahya area was warm and received more precipitation during the Early−Middle Miocene than in modern times.

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