Comparison of volatile chemical components of Cystoseira crinita Duby by hydrodistillation (HD) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods and antimicrobial and scolicidal activities of essential oil and extracts

This study aims to derive an essential oil from Cystoseira crinita Duby, analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil, discover the antimicrobial activities of the oil and the extracts, and investigate the scolicidal activities of the extracts. The volatile organic compounds of Cystoseira crinita Duby were determined by GC/MS-FID using both hydro-distillation (HD) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods. As a result of the essential oil analysis, 97.14% of 17 compounds and 93.13% of 19 compounds were elucidated. The main compounds identified were hexanal (31.802%), n-hexadecanoic acid (12.654%), trans-β-ionone (9.118%), 2E-hexenal (15.955%), heptadecane (15.729%) and tetradecane (13.458%). In addition, hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of the algae sample were prepared. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and extracts on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi microorganisms were studied. The results revealed activity within the zone diameter range of 8-16 mm. It was observed that all extracts and the essential oil itself showed high activity against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 microorganism. The chloroform and dichloromethane extracts were also found to demonstrate a high level of efficacy against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876. Furthermore, viability detection was performed and the scolicidal effects of the extracts on protoscoleces were assessed. All extracts showed a strong scolicidal effect at the dose of 15000 µg/mL. For each solution, the difference between hours at each dose and the difference between doses at every hour were compared by One-Way ANOVA. The values of lethal concentration doses $(LD_{50} and LD_{90})$ were calculated using Probit Analysis. This study provides information about the effects of Cystoseira crinita Duby algae extracts and suggests that the experimental studies needed for their use in live cells should be performed.

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