Prevalence of Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus and T. sacchari strains with biotechnological potential at hot springs and soils from West Anatolia in Turkey
Hot spring sediment and soil samples from West Anatolia in Turkey were investigated for the occurrence of thermophilic Actinomycetes. Isolation was done using Actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA), starch casein agar and glycerol yeast extract agar at 55 °C. Extracellular protease activity of the isolates were screened by using AIA plus 1% casein according to the hydrolysis zones surrounding the colonies. Antimicrobial activities of the isolates were also screened by using streaked plate method against a panel of test bacteria. Identification of the isolates was made by cultural, physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence similarity. Sixty-seven thermophilic Actinomycetes isolates were classified in Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus and T. sacchari species. Among these, 62 isolates (92.5%) were found to be extracellular protease producers and 38 isolates (56.7%) were found active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Based on these results, we suggest that the thermophilic actinomycetes, which are a part of the biodiversity of the hot springs and soils from West Anatolia in Turkey, are promising sources for novel enzymes and antimicrobial compounds.
Prevalence of Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus and T. sacchari strains with biotechnological potential at hot springs and soils from West Anatolia in Turkey
Hot spring sediment and soil samples from West Anatolia in Turkey were investigated for the occurrence of thermophilic Actinomycetes. Isolation was done using Actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA), starch casein agar and glycerol yeast extract agar at 55 °C. Extracellular protease activity of the isolates were screened by using AIA plus 1% casein according to the hydrolysis zones surrounding the colonies. Antimicrobial activities of the isolates were also screened by using streaked plate method against a panel of test bacteria. Identification of the isolates was made by cultural, physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence similarity. Sixty-seven thermophilic Actinomycetes isolates were classified in Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus and T. sacchari species. Among these, 62 isolates (92.5%) were found to be extracellular protease producers and 38 isolates (56.7%) were found active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Based on these results, we suggest that the thermophilic actinomycetes, which are a part of the biodiversity of the hot springs and soils from West Anatolia in Turkey, are promising sources for novel enzymes and antimicrobial compounds.
___
- Yallop CA, Edwards C, Williams ST. Isolation and growth physiology of novel thermoactinomycetes. J Appl Microbiol 83: 685-692, 1997.
- Song J, Weon HY, Yoon SH. Phylogenetic diversity of thermophilic actinomycetes and Thermoactinomyces spp. isolated from mushroom composts in Korea based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 202: 97- 102, 2001. 8. Sunitha K, Park YS, Oh TK et al. Synthesis of alkaline protease by catabolite repression-resistant Thermoactinomyces sp. E79 mutant. Biotech Lett 21: 155-158, 1999. 9. Şahin N, Öztürk E, Işık K. Selective isolation and numerical classification of novel thermophilic Streptomycetes. Turk J Biol 26: 13-24, 2002.
- McNabb A, Shuttleworth R, Behme R et al. Fatty acid characterization of rapidly growing pathogenic aerobic actinomycetes as a means of identification. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1361-1368, 1997.
- Ochi K. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of ribosomal protein: a new approach for actinomycete taxonomy. Gene 115: 261-265, 1992.
- Yoon JH, Park YH. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Thermoactinomyces based on 16S rDNA sequences. Int J Syst Evol Micr 50: 1081-1086, 2000.
- Yoon JH, Shin YK, Park YH. DNA–DNA relatedness among Thermoactinomyces species: Thermoactinomyces candidus as a synonym of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus as a synonym of Thermoactinomyces sacchari. Int J Syst Evol Micr 50: 1905-1908.
- Woese CR. Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 51: 221-271, 1987.
- Lacey Thermoactinomycetes. In: Williams ST, Sharpe ME, Holt J. JG. ed. Bergey’s Manuel of Systematic Bacteriology Volume IV. Williams and Wilkins; 1986: pp. 2573-2585.
- Pitcher DG, Saunders NA, Owens NJ. Rapid extraction of bacterial genomic DNA with guanidium thiocynate. Lett Appl Microbiol 8:151-156, 1989.
- Akmemis Korkmaz C, Hameş-Kocabaş EE, Uzel A et al. Tryptamine derived amides with thiazole ring system from Thermoactinomyces strain TA66-2. Magn Reson Chem 46: 80- 83, 2007.
- Hall TA. BioEdit: a user friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucl Acids Symp Ser 41: 95-98, 1999.
- Kumar S, Tamura K, Jacobsen IB et al. Mega 2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics Applications Notes 17: 1244-1245, 2001.
- Haki GD, Rakshit SK. Developments in industrially important thermostable enzymes: a review. Bioresource Technol 89: 17- 34, 2003.
- Ball P. Conclusions: the future of antimicrobial therapy – Augmentin® and beyond. Int J Antimicrob Ag 30: 139-141, 2007.